Niwari

• Nitrogen

  From 2,089 soil tests

  Poor
  Low 72% Medium 28%

  7 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

  What this means

  Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

  Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	72%	28%	0%
  Madhya Pradesh	69%	31%	1%
  India	65%	29%	6%

• Phosphorus

  From 2,226 soil tests

  Good
  Low 5% Medium 47% High 48%

  Almost every soil test here had enough

  What this means

  Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

  Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	5%	47%	48%
  Madhya Pradesh	10%	65%	24%
  India	13%	41%	45%

• Potassium

  From 4,255 soil tests

  Good
  Low 2% Medium 65% High 33%

  Almost every soil test here had enough

  What this means

  Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

  Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	2%	65%	33%
  Madhya Pradesh	4%	56%	40%
  India	14%	53%	33%

• Organic carbon

  From 4,256 soil tests

  Okay
  Low 46% Medium 35% High 19%

  5 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

  What this means

  Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

  Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

  Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	46%	35%	19%
  Madhya Pradesh	30%	40%	31%
  India	49%	28%	23%

• pH

  From 4,241 soil tests

  Good
  Acidic 1% Neutral 97% Alkaline 2%

  Almost every soil test here came out neutral

  What this means

  How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

  Acidic Neutral Alkaline

  In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Acidic	Neutral	Alkaline
  Here	1%	97%	2%
  Madhya Pradesh	1%	98%	1%
  India	11%	86%	2%

• Salt

  From 4,247 soil tests

  Good
  Not salty 94% Salty 6%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out salty

  What this means

  Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

  Not salty Salty

  Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Not salty	Salty
  Here	94%	6%
  Madhya Pradesh	95%	5%
  India	96%	4%

• Sulphur

  From 2,103 soil tests

  Good
  Short 12% Enough 88%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

  Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	12%	88%
  Madhya Pradesh	19%	81%
  India	24%	76%

• Zinc

  From 4,250 soil tests

  Okay
  Short 39% Enough 61%

  4 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

  What this means

  Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

  Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	39%	61%
  Madhya Pradesh	45%	55%
  India	35%	65%

• Iron

  From 4,256 soil tests

  Good
  Short 14% Enough 86%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Keeps young leaves green.

  Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	14%	86%
  Madhya Pradesh	22%	78%
  India	24%	76%

• Copper

  From 4,236 soil tests

  Good
  Short 4% Enough 96%

  Almost every soil test here had enough

  What this means

  Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

  Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	4%	96%
  Madhya Pradesh	7%	93%
  India	5%	95%

• Manganese

  From 4,255 soil tests

  Good
  Short 1% Enough 99%

  Almost every soil test here had enough

  What this means

  Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

  Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	1%	99%
  Madhya Pradesh	8%	92%
  India	12%	88%

• Boron

  From 2,089 soil tests

  Okay
  Short 35% Enough 65%

  3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

  What this means

  Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

  Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	35%	65%
  Madhya Pradesh	26%	74%
  India	44%	56%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.