Coconut

Planted once, harvested year after year.

Check it on your land
Season
Whole year
100% of its area.
Water
1,460–1,700 mm
of water over its season (rain plus irrigation)
Grows best at
22–34 °C
0 °C survives 14–38 °C 40 °C

When to sow and harvest

Planted once, usually at the start of the rains. It stays for years: the first real harvest comes after about 5 years, then one every year.

Will it grow on your land?

Janjgir-Champa Chhattisgarh
Water
Season

Won't work: too dry without irrigation

Coconut

Holds the land all year

No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

Only with irrigation: rain gives too little of its water to count on

  • Doesn't suit: Too dry without irrigation
  • Suits: Ideal temperatures
  • Suits: Soil 9/10
Why, and how to make it work

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 1,720 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 820 mm it can use in a normal year, and 700 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–34 °C on average, and survives 14–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

  • Jun 39 °C / 28 °C
  • Jul 32 °C / 25 °C
  • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
  • Sep 31 °C / 25 °C
  • Oct 32 °C / 22 °C
  • Nov 30 °C / 16 °C
  • Dec 28 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
  • Jan 28 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)
  • Feb 32 °C / 16 °C
  • Mar 35 °C / 20 °C
  • Apr 40 °C / 25 °C
  • May 43 °C / 29 °C (outside its best range)
  • Jun 39 °C / 28 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Coconut: 9 out of 10 (good).

  • The pH here suits it.
  • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
  • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
  • Most fields here are short of zinc.

Likes pH 5.0–8.0.

How the soil score works

Money

Yield: about 12 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 5 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

Mandi price through the year (December 2025–May 2026, July–November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹5,000 a quintal, the middle of 64 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
  1. ₹2,850 2021
  2. ₹2,530 2022
  3. ₹2,430 2023
  4. ₹3,030 2024
  5. ₹6,010 2025

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹27,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

How to make it work

  • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

    Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

    Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

    Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

See every crop that suits Janjgir-Champa

What it needs

Temperature

22–34 °C
0 °C40 °C

Survives 14–38 °C. Frost hurts it.

Water

1,460–1,700 mm over its season

Rain and irrigation together, worked out where most of it grows:

Tumakuru Kozhikode Hassan Malappuram Coimbatore

Soil pH

4 acidic7 neutral9 alkaline

Likes neutral soil. Grows from pH 4.3 to 8.7.

Soil

  • Takes a little salt
  • Ordinary farm soil is fine
  • K Needs plenty of potassium and boron
How the soil score works

Source: FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.

Fertiliser for each tree

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra

For most fields

Nitrogen
500 g
per tree, each year
Phosphate
320 g
per tree, each year
Potash
1,200 g
per tree, each year

For each palm a year, in two splits, with 50 kg farmyard manure

If your soil card says a nutrient is low, add about a quarter more of it.

Watch out for

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra
  • Rhinoceros beetle
    Pest

    Look for

    V-shaped cuts in opened fronds; holes in the crown.

    What to do first

    Hook out the beetles and keep manure pits clean; put neem cake in the leaf axils.

  • Red palm weevil
    Pest

    Look for

    Holes in the trunk oozing brown liquid; the crown wilts.

    What to do first

    Avoid wounding the trunk and use pheromone traps; call your KVK early.

  • Bud rot
    Disease

    Look for

    The youngest leaf turns yellow and wilts; the bud rots with a foul smell.

    What to do first

    Cut away the rotten part and apply Bordeaux paste; spray Bordeaux mixture before the monsoon.

  • Eriophyid mite
    Pest

    Look for

    Triangular brown patches on young nuts; nuts small and cracked.

    What to do first

    Feed the palm well; spray neem on the bunches.

What an acre earns

At India's average yield and a recent price, named below. Your land, water and mandi will differ.

Left an acre, a year, once it bears

₹42,800

Yield India's average
12.8 quintals an acre
× Price mandi price through the year (Dec 2025–May 2026, Jul–Nov 2026)
₹5,000 a quintal
= Income
₹64,200
− Costs about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys
−₹21,400
= Left
₹42,800

This week coconut sells at about ₹5,000 a quintal: India's middle price at 64 mandis, latest 13 Nov. At that price an acre would leave about ₹42,800 a year.

A good year or field earns about a fifth more, a poor one a fifth less: ₹51,300 to ₹77,000 income an acre. Costs stay the same either way.

It bears from about year 5: nothing to sell before.

Work it out for your land

Mandi price, month by month

Best month
December, ₹6,200 a quintal
Lowest
July, ₹4,500 a quintal
₹4,500
₹6,200
J F M A M J J A S O N D

Rupees a quintal, typical across India's mandis: each month's latest price (Dec 2025–May 2026, Jul–Nov 2026).

Copra, the dried kernel, has a government support price for the 2026 season: ₹12,027 a quintal for milling copra and ₹12,500 for ball copra, set by the Union Cabinet on 12 December 2025 on the recommendation of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices. Fresh nuts have none.

Latest prices near Janjgir-Champa Today's price across India

Source: Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).

Where it grows in India

Area grown in India
54.1 lakh acres
2025-26
Average yield
12.8 quintals an acre (3.2 tonnes a hectare)
2025-26
Most area
Kerala
34% of India's
Best yield
Thanjavur
31 quintals an acre

States that grow it

Each state's share of India's production, in its latest year with figures (2025-26). Tap a state to open it.

Source: Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).

Where it grows most

The districts with the most area in recent years. The map colours every district growing it on at least 100 ha by yield; the numbers mark these districts.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2018-19 to 2022-23.

Where yields are highest

Districts growing it on at least 100 ha, against the average across India. The line runs from India's average to each district.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2018-19 to 2022-23.

Soil and yield

How district soil tests line up with this crop's yields across India.

Coconut yields tend to be higher in districts with

  • More soil that is alkaline moderate 146 districts
  • More soil that is neutral weak 146 districts
  • More soil high in potassium weak 147 districts

Coconut yields tend to be lower in districts with

  • More soil that is acidic moderate 146 districts
  • More soil low in potassium weak 147 districts

A pattern is not proof that soil causes the difference.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).