Vemuru

Nutrient by nutrient

• Nitrogen

  From 295 soil tests

  Poor
  Low 63% Medium 36% High 1%

  6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

  What this means

  Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

  Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	63%	36%	1%
  Vemuru	65%	34%	1%
  Bapatla	83%	17%	0%
  Andhra Pradesh	73%	24%	3%
  India	65%	29%	6%

• Phosphorus

  From 295 soil tests

  Poor
  Low 59% Medium 41%

  6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

  What this means

  Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

  Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	59%	41%	0%
  Vemuru	56%	44%	0%
  Bapatla	47%	52%	1%
  Andhra Pradesh	16%	32%	52%
  India	13%	41%	45%

• Potassium

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Medium 18% High 82%

  Most soil tests here came out high

  If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less potash than usual.

  What this means

  Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

  Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	0%	18%	82%
  Vemuru	0%	13%	87%
  Bapatla	2%	20%	78%
  Andhra Pradesh	10%	30%	60%
  India	14%	53%	33%

• Organic carbon

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Low 19% Medium 77% High 4%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  What this means

  Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

  Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

  Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	19%	77%	4%
  Vemuru	33%	61%	6%
  Bapatla	73%	26%	2%
  Andhra Pradesh	57%	24%	19%
  India	49%	28%	23%

• pH

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Neutral 100%

  Almost every soil test here came out neutral

  What this means

  How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

  Acidic Neutral Alkaline

  In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Acidic	Neutral	Alkaline
  Here	0%	100%	0%
  Vemuru	0%	100%	0%
  Bapatla	1%	98%	2%
  Andhra Pradesh	1%	93%	6%
  India	11%	86%	2%

• Salt

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Not salty 98% Salty 2%

  Almost no soil tests here came out salty

  What this means

  Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

  Not salty Salty

  Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Not salty	Salty
  Here	98%	2%
  Vemuru	97%	3%
  Bapatla	90%	10%
  Andhra Pradesh	93%	7%
  India	96%	4%

• Sulphur

  From 295 soil tests

  Okay
  Short 20% Enough 80%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

  What this means

  Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

  Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	20%	80%
  Vemuru	25%	75%
  Bapatla	18%	82%
  Andhra Pradesh	15%	85%
  India	24%	76%

• Zinc

  From 295 soil tests

  Poor
  Short 69% Enough 31%

  7 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

  What this means

  Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

  Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	69%	31%
  Vemuru	62%	38%
  Bapatla	57%	43%
  Andhra Pradesh	38%	62%
  India	35%	65%

• Iron

  From 295 soil tests

  Poor
  Short 66% Enough 34%

  7 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

  What this means

  Keeps young leaves green.

  Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	66%	34%
  Vemuru	75%	25%
  Bapatla	75%	25%
  Andhra Pradesh	29%	71%
  India	24%	76%

• Copper

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Short 1% Enough 99%

  Almost every soil test here had enough

  What this means

  Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

  Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	1%	99%
  Vemuru	3%	97%
  Bapatla	10%	90%
  Andhra Pradesh	6%	94%
  India	5%	95%

• Manganese

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Short 8% Enough 92%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

  Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	8%	92%
  Vemuru	18%	82%
  Bapatla	42%	58%
  Andhra Pradesh	12%	88%
  India	12%	88%

• Boron

  From 295 soil tests

  Good
  Short 7% Enough 93%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

  Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	7%	93%
  Vemuru	12%	88%
  Bapatla	18%	82%
  Andhra Pradesh	26%	74%
  India	44%	56%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

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