Your plan for Yamunanagar

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 580 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Capsicum: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 71 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,750 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹1.5 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 550 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 530 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• May 39 °C / 24 °C
• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Jute: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 11 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 290 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 400 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Cucumber: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 73 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,375 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹80,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 600 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C
• Nov 27 °C / 12 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Green Chillies: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 41 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in March.

Typical costs are about ₹71,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 460 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C
• Nov 27 °C / 12 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Sweet Potato: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 44 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,250 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 600 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C
• Nov 27 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Brinjal: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 61 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in March.

Typical costs are about ₹63,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 540 mm it can use in a normal year, and 440 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 42 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹1,850 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹52,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Pumpkin: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 64 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,150 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in March.

Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 410 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 540 mm it can use in a normal year, and 440 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–33 °C on average, and survives 10–47 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Maize: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 18 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September 2026): about ₹2,200 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Minimum support price: ₹2,410 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 530 mm it can use in a normal year, and 430 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–34 °C on average, and survives 5–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Sunflower: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 5.3 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹7,446 a quintal across India's mandis.

Minimum support price: ₹8,343 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 39 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 410 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Cauliflower: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 79 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,100 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 570 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Tomato: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 68 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,150 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in January.

Typical costs are about ₹90,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 190 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 330 mm it can use in a normal year, and 270 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Radish: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 80 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹1,400 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹78,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 4 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 770 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 590 mm it can use in a normal year, and 470 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 18–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C
• Nov 27 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 22 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 19 °C / 7 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Days in June get hotter than it likes. Time sowing so it flowers before then.

Soil

Soil for Turmeric: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 23 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 76% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 76% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹12,663 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Bottle Gourd: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 58 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,225 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹47,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 10–24 °C on average, and survives 4–30 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Peas & Beans (Dry): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 6.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (November–December 2025): about ₹6,625 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 340 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–39 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C
• Nov 27 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 22 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Castor Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 7.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 81% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 81% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,218 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹24,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 9 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 1,110 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 680 mm it can use in a normal year, and 570 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–36 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Rice: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 25 quintals of paddy an acre here in this season (district figures).

On rain alone it gets about 61% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 61% of this yield.

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,461 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Minimum support price: ₹2,441 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹29,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 410 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 31 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Cabbage: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 85 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,175 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹89,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.