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Your plan for Soreng

Whole year Rain only

We checked 51 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Too acidic in most fields here.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 2,520 mm in Whole year

January–December, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 2,134 mm.

Temperature

Days about 26 °C, nights 17 °C in Whole year

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

Your soil test results
All soil results
  • Nitrogen

    From 11,386 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 43% Medium 56% High 1%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Phosphorus

    From 11,401 soil tests

    Good

    Low 6% Medium 18% High 76%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 11,430 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 21% Medium 54% High 25%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more potash (MOP) than the usual dose.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 11,338 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 29% Medium 41% High 31%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 10,896 soil tests

    Poor

    Acidic 88% Neutral 12%

    9 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 11,168 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 98% Salty 2%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 11,448 soil tests

    Good

    Short 5% Enough 95%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 11,435 soil tests

    Good

    Short 4% Enough 96%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 11,468 soil tests

    Good

    Short 4% Enough 96%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 11,433 soil tests

    Good

    Short 13% Enough 87%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 11,477 soil tests

    Good

    Short 15% Enough 85%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 11,452 soil tests

    Good

    Short 16% Enough 84%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Good fit 9

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Tapioca (Cassava)

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹3.6 lakh–₹5.4 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹2.9 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 730 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–29 °C on average, and survives 10–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tapioca (Cassava): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 149 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹3,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹3,500 a quintal, the middle of 70 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.8 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,680 2021
    2. ₹3,000 2022
    3. ₹3,100 2023
    4. ₹3,000 2024
    5. ₹3,000 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹2.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Guava

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹53,000–₹80,000

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 2

    After typical costs: ₹22,000–₹48,000 an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–33 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Guava: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 22 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 2 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹3,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹4,000 a quintal, the middle of 130 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹57,000 a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,580 2021
    2. ₹2,500 2022
    3. ₹2,600 2023
    4. ₹3,080 2024
    5. ₹3,250 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹32,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Tamarind

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹54,000–₹81,000

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 6

    After typical costs: ₹20,000–₹47,000 an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 12–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tamarind: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 13 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 6 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–April 2026): about ₹5,200 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹10,000 a quintal, the middle of 16 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹95,000 a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,350 2021
    2. ₹5,380 2022
    3. ₹4,630 2023
    4. ₹5,740 2024
    5. ₹5,880 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹34,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Cashew

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹38,000–₹56,000

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 3

    After typical costs: ₹13,000–₹32,000 an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–35 °C on average, and survives 5–46 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cashew: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 4.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.2 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–May 2026): about ₹14,855 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹11,600 a quintal, the middle of 6 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹12,000 a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹9,530 2021
    2. ₹10,180 2022
    3. ₹8,530 2023
    4. ₹10,500 2024
    5. ₹12,500 2025

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹25,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  5. Cocoa

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop.

    No price yet to estimate income

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 1,300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 21–32 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cocoa: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.2 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

  6. Coffee

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    No yield figures yet to estimate income

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 1,180 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 14–28 °C on average, and survives 10–34 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Coffee: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    No yield records for this crop yet.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹21,150 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹21,400 a quintal, the middle of 4 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹11,200 2021
    2. ₹9,780 2022
    3. ₹16,100 2023
    4. ₹21,100 2024
    5. ₹31,280 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in December.

  7. Dragon Fruit

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop.

    No price yet to estimate income

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 460 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 12–34 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Dragon Fruit: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.3–6.7.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 23 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 2 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

  8. Drumstick (Moringa)

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    No yield figures yet to estimate income

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 7–48 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Drumstick (Moringa): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    No yield records for this crop yet.

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹4,988 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,775 a quintal, the middle of 114 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,580 2021
    2. ₹5,250 2022
    3. ₹3,850 2023
    4. ₹5,260 2024
    5. ₹6,250 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

  9. Tea

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop.

    No price yet to estimate income

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 1,240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tea: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 4.5–5.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    No yield records for this crop yet.

    No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

Possible, with effort 35

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Betel Leaves

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹7.9 lakh–₹11.8 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2.3 lakh–₹6.2 lakh an acre a year

    • Needs care: Risky: 7 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Cool in November
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 7 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 1,280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 970 mm it can use in a normal year, and 940 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–27 °C on average, and survives 17–31 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Betel Leaves: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.0–5.6.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 87 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 75% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 75% of this yield.

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹15,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹9,500 a quintal, the middle of 7 mandis across India (latest 12 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹65,000 a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹10,140 2021
    2. ₹9,250 2022
    3. ₹11,690 2023
    4. ₹12,250 2024
    5. ₹11,630 2025

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹5.6 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Mango

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.3 lakh–₹1.9 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 4

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.8 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in October
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 24–30 °C on average, and survives 8–48 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Mango: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 39 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (May–June 2026): about ₹4,125 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,260 2021
    2. ₹5,700 2022
    3. ₹5,610 2023
    4. ₹6,170 2024
    5. ₹5,860 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Lemon

    Holds the land all year

    Counted with lime in government figures. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹2.3 lakh–₹3.5 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 3

    After typical costs: ₹1.2 lakh–₹2.4 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 850 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–28 °C on average, and survives 12–36 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Lemon: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 46 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state). Government figures count it with lime.

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹6,250 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,500 a quintal, the middle of 145 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.4 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,030 2021
    2. ₹4,050 2022
    3. ₹3,710 2023
    4. ₹6,000 2024
    5. ₹4,410 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in April.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Apple

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹2.4 lakh–₹3.6 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 5

    After typical costs: ₹1.0 lakh–₹2.2 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Temperatures not ideal
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 14–27 °C on average, and survives 8–33 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    It needs a cold winter to flower: a coldest month averaging 12 °C or less. Here the coldest month averages 15 °C. The district's cooler, higher villages get colder, about 9 °C: enough to grow it there.

    Soil

    Soil for Apple: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 38 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 5 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–October 2026): about ₹8,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,400 a quintal, the middle of 205 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.4 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹7,380 2021
    2. ₹6,740 2022
    3. ₹6,900 2023
    4. ₹7,510 2024
    5. ₹8,210 2025

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  5. Litchi

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 5

    After typical costs: ₹60,000–₹1.2 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in November
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Litchi: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 13 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 5 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (May–June 2026): about ₹11,375 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹8,000 2024
    2. ₹14,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  6. Banana

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹2.8 lakh–₹4.2 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹64,000–₹2.0 lakh an acre a year

    • Needs care: Risky: 7 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Cool in October
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 7 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 1,130 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 790 mm it can use in a normal year, and 770 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 23–33 °C on average, and survives 12–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Banana: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 158 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 70% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 70% of this yield.

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹3,138 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹4,325 a quintal, the middle of 390 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.6 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,160 2021
    2. ₹2,290 2022
    3. ₹2,500 2023
    4. ₹2,770 2024
    5. ₹2,770 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹2.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  7. Aonla (Indian Gooseberry)

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.4 lakh–₹2.2 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 4

    After typical costs: ₹68,000–₹1.4 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 860 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–29 °C on average, and survives 14–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Aonla (Indian Gooseberry): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 51 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹3,563 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹5,500 a quintal, the middle of 33 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.0 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,900 2021
    2. ₹2,760 2022
    3. ₹3,000 2023
    4. ₹2,760 2024
    5. ₹4,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹76,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  8. Lime (Kagzi)

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹2.0 lakh–₹3.1 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 3

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹2.1 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 850 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 26–32 °C on average, and survives 13–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Lime (Kagzi): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 46 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–May 2026, July–November 2026): about ₹5,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹6,000 a quintal, the middle of 39 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.8 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,450 2021
    2. ₹3,360 2022
    3. ₹3,500 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹3,700 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹94,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  9. Jackfruit

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.6 lakh–₹2.5 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 5

    After typical costs: ₹61,000–₹1.4 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in November
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 16–34 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Jackfruit: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it, though not most crops.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 95 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 5 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (April–June 2026): about ₹2,175 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,980 2021
    2. ₹2,020 2022
    3. ₹2,170 2023
    4. ₹2,670 2024
    5. ₹2,430 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  10. Sapota (Chikoo)

    Holds the land all year

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a year, before costs

    once bearing, from about year 3

    After typical costs: ₹56,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a year

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–34 °C on average, and survives 11–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Oct 27 °C / 18 °C
    • Nov 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 20 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 22 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 25 °C / 16 °C
    • Apr 27 °C / 19 °C
    • May 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sapota (Chikoo): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 50 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

    Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹3,825 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹4,500 a quintal, the middle of 48 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.3 lakh a year after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,780 2021
    2. ₹3,040 2022
    3. ₹3,360 2023
    4. ₹3,530 2024
    5. ₹3,950 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹97,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

7 crops won't work here See why for each one

4 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).