Your plan for South West Khasi Hills

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 870 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 14–27 °C on average, and survives 8–33 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C
• May 24 °C / 16 °C
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Apple: 8 out of 10 (good).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 38 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 5 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–October 2026): about ₹8,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹7,400 a quintal, the middle of 205 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.4 lakh a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 810 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 12–35 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C
• May 24 °C / 16 °C
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Almond: 8 out of 10 (good).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 6.2 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 980 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 15–35 °C on average, and survives 5–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C
• May 24 °C / 16 °C
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Pecan Nut: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 0.9 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 7 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 980 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 15–30 °C on average, and survives 7–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C
• May 24 °C / 16 °C
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Walnut: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 14 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 6 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 870 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–33 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Guava: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 60 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 2 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (November 2025): about ₹7,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹4,000 a quintal, the middle of 130 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.5 lakh a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹86,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 870 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Pear: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 34 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (July–September 2026): about ₹6,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹66,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 870 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Litchi: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 24 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 5 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (May–June 2026): about ₹11,375 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 870 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 24–30 °C on average, and survives 8–48 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Mango: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 39 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (May–June 2026): about ₹4,125 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 760 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 7 out of 10 (okay).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of iron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 19 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,338 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹35,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 780 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–29 °C on average, and survives 14–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Aonla (Indian Gooseberry): 8 out of 10 (good).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–8.0.

Money

Yield: about 51 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹3,563 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹5,500 a quintal, the middle of 33 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.0 lakh a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹76,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 830 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–33 °C on average, and survives 6–36 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C
• May 24 °C / 16 °C
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Plum: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.1.

Money

Yield: about 16 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (May–July 2026): about ₹7,300 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 830 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–33 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Peach: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.3.

Money

Yield: about 27 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (May–June 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹60,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 870 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–34 °C on average, and survives 11–42 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Sapota (Chikoo): 8 out of 10 (good).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 50 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹3,825 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹4,500 a quintal, the middle of 48 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.3 lakh a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹97,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 5 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 1,180 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 970 mm it can use in a normal year, and 900 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 10–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Cardamom: 8 out of 10 (good).

• Soil here is often more alkaline than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of copper.

Likes pH 5.5–6.0.

Money

Yield: about 1.6 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 82% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 82% of this yield.

Mandi price through the year (December 2025–May 2026, August–October 2026): about ₹2,50,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹1.7 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.