Your plan for Puducherry

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 570 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 580 mm it can use in a normal year, and 390 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Capsicum: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹3,612 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 590 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 660 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Green Chillies: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 45 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹3,964 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹75,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 590 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 660 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Soil

Soil for Brinjal: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 78 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹2,106 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹73,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 620 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 700 mm it can use in a normal year, and 460 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Chillies (Dry): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 14 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹13,638 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 590 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 700 mm it can use in a normal year, and 460 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–39 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Castor Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 7.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,218 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹24,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 520 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C

Soil

Soil for Ragi (Finger Millet): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 10 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹3,825 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Minimum support price: ₹5,205 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in January.

Typical costs are about ₹21,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 630 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 730 mm it can use in a normal year, and 500 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Soil

Soil for Cotton: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 4.4 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹7,445 a quintal across India's mandis.

Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 600 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 730 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–38 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C
• Jan 30 °C / 21 °C

Soil

Soil for Tur (Arhar): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 3.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹7,035 a quintal across India's mandis.

Minimum support price: ₹8,450 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹19,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 680 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 730 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 21–28 °C on average, and survives 10–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C
• Jan 30 °C / 21 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Colocasia (Arbi): 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

No yield records for this crop yet.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹3,338 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in November.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 570 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 660 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 3–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Soil

Soil for Lablab Bean (Sem): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.0–7.5.

Money

No yield records for this crop yet.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹4,014 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in June.

Water

Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 570 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 500 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Tomato: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 104 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 88% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 88% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹1.6 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 920 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 510 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 18–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 37 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C
• Jan 30 °C / 21 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Turmeric: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 23 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 85% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 85% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹12,663 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 310 mm it can use in a normal year, and 170 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Bitter Gourd: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 57 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 70% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 70% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹4,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹98,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 4 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 980 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 800 mm it can use in a normal year, and 510 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 19–29 °C on average, and survives 13–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• May 37 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 37 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C
• Dec 29 °C / 22 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Ginger: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 41 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 82% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 82% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 310 mm it can use in a normal year, and 170 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Bottle Gourd: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 66 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 70% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 70% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,850 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 490 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 390 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 15–30 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Tobacco: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.

Likes pH 5.0–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 8.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 80% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 80% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹6,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 310 mm it can use in a normal year, and 170 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Pumpkin: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 90 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 70% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 70% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,608 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in March.

Typical costs are about ₹78,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 390 mm it can use in a normal year, and 330 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 30 °C / 23 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Sweet Potato: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 36 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 76% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 76% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,300 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 310 mm it can use in a normal year, and 170 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 9 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 2.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 73% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 73% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,935 a quintal across India's mandis.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 410 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 310 mm it can use in a normal year, and 170 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 35 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 34 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 34 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 32 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon, sulphur and boron.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of potassium.

Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

Money

Yield: about 4.6 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 75% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 75% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.