Change farm details

Your plan for Kodagu

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

9

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Not in the score: nitrogen.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 999 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 865 mm.

Temperature

Days about 25 °C, nights 19 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

Your soil test results
All soil results
  • Phosphorus

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Low 9% Medium 38% High 54%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Low 10% Medium 50% High 40%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Low 12% Medium 45% High 43%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Acidic 2% Neutral 98%

    Almost every soil test here came out neutral

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Short 9% Enough 91%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Short 14% Enough 86%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Short 2% Enough 98%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 21% Enough 79%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray manganese sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, on the young crop.

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 11,437 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

The tests here for nitrogen look like a testing error: almost every test reads the same, unlike the districts around. They aren't used.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Good fit 33

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Turmeric

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (May–June) is over.

    Grown on 10 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.7 lakh–₹4.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 770 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 890 mm it can use in a normal year, and 770 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 18–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 26 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Turmeric: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 25 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹13,621 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹11,200 2021
    2. ₹11,500 2022
    3. ₹11,000 2023
    4. ₹15,520 2024
    5. ₹11,750 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.1 lakh–₹3.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹64,000–₹1.7 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 710 mm it can use in a normal year, and 590 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 71 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,700 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,750 2021
    2. ₹3,650 2022
    3. ₹3,450 2023
    4. ₹3,750 2024
    5. ₹3,630 2025

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.5 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.8 lakh–₹2.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹62,000–₹1.5 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 460 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 740 mm it can use in a normal year, and 600 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 111 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,300 2021
    2. ₹1,550 2022
    3. ₹1,500 2023
    4. ₹2,150 2024
    5. ₹1,780 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Jute

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (March–May) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹73,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 700 mm it can use in a normal year, and 580 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jute: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 11 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,580 2021
    2. ₹6,050 2022
    3. ₹5,200 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹6,380 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

  5. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.3 lakh–₹1.9 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹45,000–₹1.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 460 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 740 mm it can use in a normal year, and 600 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 47 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,334 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,090 2021
    2. ₹3,050 2022
    3. ₹3,080 2023
    4. ₹3,700 2024
    5. ₹3,340 2025

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹80,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  6. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.4 lakh–₹2.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹26,000–₹97,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 230 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 520 mm it can use in a normal year, and 400 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 43 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹4,083 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,910 2021
    2. ₹3,200 2022
    3. ₹3,610 2023
    4. ₹4,000 2024
    5. ₹3,700 2025

    Prices are usually best in May.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  7. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹73,000–₹1.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹35,000–₹71,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 520 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 47 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,950 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,020 2021
    2. ₹1,700 2022
    3. ₹1,250 2023
    4. ₹1,650 2024
    5. ₹1,550 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹38,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  8. Okra (Bhindi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹83,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹28,000–₹70,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 600 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 44 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,350 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,800 2021
    2. ₹1,980 2022
    3. ₹2,060 2023
    4. ₹2,940 2024
    5. ₹2,700 2025

    Prices are usually best in April.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  9. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.7 lakh–₹2.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹736 to a profit of ₹86,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 690 mm it can use in a normal year, and 570 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 133 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,633 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,000 2021
    2. ₹1,140 2022
    3. ₹1,420 2023
    4. ₹1,620 2024
    5. ₹1,250 2025

    Prices are usually best in May.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.7 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  10. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around August

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹73,000–₹1.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹21,000–₹57,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 130 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 350 mm it can use in a normal year, and 270 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 49 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–September 2026): about ₹1,875 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,150 2021
    2. ₹1,320 2022
    3. ₹1,520 2023
    4. ₹1,900 2024
    5. ₹1,800 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹52,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Possible, with effort 22

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Bitter Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹82,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹17,000–₹58,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in July
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 520 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bitter Gourd: 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 39 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,600 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,040 2021
    2. ₹2,540 2022
    3. ₹2,600 2023
    4. ₹2,940 2024
    5. ₹2,730 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹64,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Cotton

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 2.5 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹36,000–₹55,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹9,000–₹27,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in July
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 520 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 770 mm it can use in a normal year, and 610 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 18 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cotton: 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 6.1 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹7,466 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,170 2021
    2. ₹9,480 2022
    3. ₹7,080 2023
    4. ₹7,250 2024
    5. ₹7,170 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Jowar (Sorghum)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 980 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹21,000–₹32,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹9,000–₹19,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 290 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 520 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 7.5 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,504 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,850 2021
    2. ₹2,210 2022
    3. ₹3,700 2023
    4. ₹2,990 2024
    5. ₹2,540 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 76%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 24%
  4. Guar Seed (Cluster Bean)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹13,000–₹19,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹6,000–₹13,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 600 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Guar Seed (Cluster Bean): 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 7.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.4 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,556 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,780 2021
    2. ₹5,300 2022
    3. ₹5,150 2023
    4. ₹4,900 2024
    5. ₹4,640 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  5. Cowpea (Lobia)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 9.9 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹11,000–₹17,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2,000–₹8,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 230 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cowpea (Lobia): 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.7 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹8,294 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,800 2021
    2. ₹6,130 2022
    3. ₹7,540 2023
    4. ₹7,530 2024
    5. ₹6,390 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹9,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  6. Urad (Black Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹15,000–₹22,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹906–₹8,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 200 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 520 mm it can use in a normal year, and 400 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Urad (Black Gram): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹8,764 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,200 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,160 2021
    2. ₹5,980 2022
    3. ₹6,960 2023
    4. ₹7,720 2024
    5. ₹7,640 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

  7. Moth Bean

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around August

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹7,000–₹10,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹3,000–₹6,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 190 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 490 mm it can use in a normal year, and 380 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 24–32 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Moth Bean: 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.2.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–September 2026): about ₹7,854 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹7,200 2023
    2. ₹6,420 2024
    3. ₹8,760 2025

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹4,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  8. Bajra (Pearl Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 6.2 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹11,000–₹17,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹160 to a profit of ₹5,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 200 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 540 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 12–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bajra (Pearl Millet): 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,648 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,900 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,480 2021
    2. ₹2,090 2022
    3. ₹2,290 2023
    4. ₹2,380 2024
    5. ₹2,320 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹11,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

  9. Tur (Arhar)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 6.2 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹15,000–₹22,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹4,000 to a profit of ₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 490 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 770 mm it can use in a normal year, and 610 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–38 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 26 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tur (Arhar): 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,635 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,450 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,470 2021
    2. ₹5,500 2022
    3. ₹9,110 2023
    4. ₹9,710 2024
    5. ₹6,270 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹19,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 4.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  10. Ragi (Finger Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–August) is over.

    Grown on 34 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹16,000–₹24,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹5,000 to a profit of ₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 10/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 520 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Jul 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Aug 24 °C / 19 °C
    • Sep 25 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Ragi (Finger Millet): 10 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.9 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,430 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,205 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,220 2021
    2. ₹1,990 2022
    3. ₹2,610 2023
    4. ₹3,160 2024
    5. ₹3,350 2025

    Prices are usually best in January.

    Typical costs are about ₹21,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 7.5 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).