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Your plan for Kalaburagi

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

7

out of 10

Soil score

Okay

Short in most fields here: nitrogen, organic carbon, zinc and iron.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 560 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 465 mm.

Temperature

Days about 32 °C, nights 22 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (4 nutrients)
  • Nitrogen

    From 33,926 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 78% Medium 22%

    8 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 63% Medium 29% High 8%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • Zinc

    From 33,926 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 95% Enough 5%

    9 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 100%

    Almost every soil test here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results
  • Phosphorus

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 2% High 97%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Good

    High 100%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less potash than usual.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • pH

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Good

    Neutral 100%

    Almost every soil test here came out neutral

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Good

    Short 1% Enough 99%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 33,925 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Good

    Short 1% Enough 99%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 33,927 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 21% Enough 79%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

Good fit 2

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Bajra (Pearl Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,919 acres here. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹13,000–₹20,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2,000–₹9,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 290 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 270 mm it can use in a normal year, and 210 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 12–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bajra (Pearl Millet): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 6.0 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October 2026): about ₹2,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,900 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,500 2021
    2. ₹2,000 2022
    3. ₹2,500 2023
    4. ₹2,300 2024
    5. ₹2,250 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹11,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 10 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 49% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 49%
  2. Samai (Little Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    No yield figures yet to estimate income

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 290 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 270 mm it can use in a normal year, and 210 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–27 °C on average, and survives 15–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Samai (Little Millet): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.2.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    No yield records for this crop yet.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹9,400 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,350 2022
    2. ₹3,590 2024
    3. ₹3,830 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

Possible, with effort 53

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Okra (Bhindi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.0 lakh–₹1.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹37,000–₹89,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 290 mm it can use in a normal year, and 220 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 44 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 70% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 70% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹4,150 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,650 2022
    2. ₹2,250 2023

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹66,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹54,000–₹80,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹16,000–₹43,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 330 mm it can use in a normal year, and 250 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 35 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 47 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 74% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 74% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,950 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,020 2021
    2. ₹1,700 2022
    3. ₹1,250 2023
    4. ₹1,650 2024
    5. ₹1,550 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹38,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Rice

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 20,322 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹42,000–₹62,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹13,000–₹34,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 13 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 13 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 1,080 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 470 mm it can use in a normal year, and 390 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–36 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 31 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Rice: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 22 quintals of paddy an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,350 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,441 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,720 2021
    2. ₹1,840 2022
    3. ₹2,230 2023
    4. ₹2,530 2024
    5. ₹2,310 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹29,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 21 quintals of paddy an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 41%
  4. Jowar (Sorghum)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 958 acres here. Sold at 3 mandis in your district.

    ₹27,000–₹40,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹14,000–₹28,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 330 mm it can use in a normal year, and 250 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 35 °C / 24 °C
    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 6.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    On rain alone it gets about 79% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 79% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹6,225 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,530 2021
    2. ₹2,700 2022
    3. ₹4,430 2023
    4. ₹3,380 2024

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 4.4 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 28% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 28%
    • Urea 2%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 0%
  5. Soybean

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 63,355 acres here. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹27,000–₹40,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹10,000–₹23,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 400 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 290 mm it can use in a normal year, and 220 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–33 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Soybean: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.2 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹6,363 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,708 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,500 2021
    2. ₹5,560 2022
    3. ₹4,470 2023
    4. ₹4,010 2024

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 5.6 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Cotton

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 2.6 lakh acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹35,000–₹53,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹8,000–₹25,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 7 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 7 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 690 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 380 mm it can use in a normal year, and 280 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 35 °C / 24 °C
    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 31 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cotton: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.9 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹7,466 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,170 2021
    2. ₹9,480 2022
    3. ₹7,080 2023
    4. ₹7,250 2024
    5. ₹7,170 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 6.0 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 1%
  7. Cucumber

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹66,000–₹99,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹357 to a profit of ₹33,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 250 mm it can use in a normal year, and 190 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cucumber: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 60 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 83% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 83% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹1,650 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹980 2021
    2. ₹1,000 2022
    3. ₹1,100 2023
    4. ₹1,340 2024
    5. ₹1,450 2025

    Prices are usually best in April.

    Typical costs are about ₹66,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Sesame (Til)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 3,715 acres here. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹25,000–₹37,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹10,000–₹23,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 280 mm it can use in a normal year, and 210 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sesame (Til): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    On rain alone it gets about 83% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 83% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹12,250 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,346 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,500 2021
    2. ₹9,000 2022
    3. ₹12,500 2023
    4. ₹11,390 2024

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.1 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Bitter Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹60,000–₹90,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹4,000 to a profit of ₹26,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 330 mm it can use in a normal year, and 250 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 35 °C / 24 °C
    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bitter Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 39 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 74% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 74% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,600 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,040 2021
    2. ₹2,540 2022
    3. ₹2,600 2023
    4. ₹2,940 2024
    5. ₹2,730 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹64,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Urad (Black Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 54,267 acres here. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹18,000–₹27,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹13,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 260 mm it can use in a normal year, and 200 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Sep 31 °C / 22 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Urad (Black Gram): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.6 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹8,754 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,200 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,800 2021
    2. ₹5,650 2022
    3. ₹6,630 2023
    4. ₹7,480 2024

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.3 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 85%
    • Urea 4%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 4%

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).