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Your plan for Dharwad

Rabi Rain only

We checked 51 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: 7 of the crops that suit can still be sown this season. For 2 the sowing time is over.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Short in most fields here: zinc and iron.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 129 mm in Rabi

October–February, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 69 mm.

Temperature

Days about 30 °C, nights 18 °C in Rabi

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (2 nutrients)

  • Zinc

    From 18,649 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 78% Enough 22%

    8 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 62% Enough 38%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results

  • Nitrogen

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Low 3% Medium 95% High 2%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Phosphorus

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 89% High 9%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 44% High 55%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less potash than usual.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Low 2% Medium 77% High 21%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Neutral 85% Alkaline 15%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out alkaline

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 48% Enough 52%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Good

    Short 6% Enough 94%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 18,650 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 46% Enough 54%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

Good fit 0

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Nothing fits well this season. Look at the crops below that are possible with effort, or try another season.

Possible, with effort 9

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Maize

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 22,101 acres here. Sold at 7 mandis in your district.

    ₹23,000–₹35,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1,000–₹13,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 6 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 6 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 10 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–33 °C on average, and survives 10–47 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Maize: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 16 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹1,790 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,410 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,510 2021
    2. ₹2,090 2022
    3. ₹2,080 2023
    4. ₹2,180 2024
    5. ₹2,240 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 14 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 86%
    • Urea 86%
    • Urea Ammonium Phosphate 5%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 2%

  2. Safflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in September, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (September–October) is over.

    Grown on 10,529 acres here. Sold at 5 mandis in your district.

    ₹15,000–₹23,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹477–₹8,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 7 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 7 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 410 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 100 mm it can use in a normal year, and 60 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–32 °C on average, and survives 5–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Sep 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Safflower: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.7 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,997 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹7,215 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,670 2021
    2. ₹5,020 2022
    3. ₹4,090 2023
    4. ₹4,240 2024
    5. ₹8,020 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 3.3 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 86%
    • Urea 41%

  3. Horse Gram (Kulthi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 9,506 acres here. Sold at 3 mandis in your district.

    ₹6,000–₹9,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹248–₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 7 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 7 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 10 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.1 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹3,578 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,460 2024
    2. ₹3,250 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 92%

  4. Jowar (Sorghum)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in September, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (September–October) is over.

    Grown on 90,206 acres here. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹9,000–₹14,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹3,000 to a profit of ₹2,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 6 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 6 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 100 mm it can use in a normal year, and 60 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Sep 28 °C / 20 °C
    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹3,063 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,570 2021
    2. ₹2,010 2022
    3. ₹3,950 2023
    4. ₹2,510 2024
    5. ₹2,370 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 7.0 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 57%
    • Urea 38%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 1%
    • Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate / Nitrogen Phosphate 1%

  5. Gram (Chana)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 3.2 lakh acres here. Sold at 5 mandis in your district.

    ₹12,000–₹17,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹1,000–₹7,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 6 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 6 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 10 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–29 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Gram (Chana): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 6.0–8.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹5,198 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,958 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,650 2021
    2. ₹4,490 2022
    3. ₹4,900 2023
    4. ₹6,080 2024
    5. ₹4,920 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹19,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 5.5 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 87%
    • Urea 33%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 1%

  6. Sunflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 9,059 acres here. Sold at 3 mandis in your district.

    ₹15,000–₹22,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹1,000–₹9,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 5 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 5 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 10 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–34 °C on average, and survives 5–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sunflower: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.7 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January 2026): about ₹6,939 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,343 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 4.3 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Moong (Green Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around December

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 16,640 acres here. Sold at 5 mandis in your district.

    ₹5,000–₹7,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹7,000–₹10,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 4 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 4 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 220 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 10 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 21–36 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Moong (Green Gram): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 6.2–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹5,094 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,780 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,860 2021
    2. ₹6,130 2022
    3. ₹6,650 2023
    4. ₹6,090 2024
    5. ₹6,420 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 84%
    • Urea 41%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 5%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 2%

  8. Wheat

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Sowing time is now.

    Grown on 38,739 acres here. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹7,000–₹11,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹8,000–₹11,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 10 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Very hot in February
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 10 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 500 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 0 mm it can use in a normal year (0 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 20 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–25 °C on average, and survives 5–27 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Feb 33 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 35 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Days in February get hotter than it likes. Time sowing so it flowers before then.

    Soil

    Soil for Wheat: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 6.0–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.4 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹2,736 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,610 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,440 2021
    2. ₹2,090 2022
    3. ₹2,760 2023
    4. ₹2,870 2024
    5. ₹2,800 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹19,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 17 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 85%
    • Urea 26%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 1%

  9. Cotton

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around April

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 6,347 acres here. Sold at 7 mandis in your district.

    ₹7,000–₹11,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹16,000–₹20,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 13 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 13 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 700 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 0 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 30 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Jan 30 °C / 16 °C
    • Feb 33 °C / 18 °C
    • Mar 35 °C / 20 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cotton: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.
    • Most fields here are short of iron.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.2 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (April–May 2026): about ₹7,620 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,500 2021
    2. ₹9,100 2022

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 6.6 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 98%
    • Urea 76%
    • Urea Ammonium Phosphate 8%
    • NPK Mixture 1%
42 crops won't work here See why for each one

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).