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Your plan for Kolhapur

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Short in most fields here: nitrogen.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 1,147 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 963 mm.

Temperature

Days about 26 °C, nights 20 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (1 nutrient)
  • Nitrogen

    From 22,938 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 58% Medium 38% High 4%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results
  • Phosphorus

    From 22,937 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 8% High 91%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 22,937 soil tests

    Good

    Low 7% Medium 40% High 52%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less potash than usual.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 22,938 soil tests

    Good

    Low 13% Medium 20% High 67%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 22,938 soil tests

    Okay

    Acidic 21% Neutral 79%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 22,937 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 99% Salty 1%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 22,937 soil tests

    Good

    Short 12% Enough 88%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 22,929 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 44% Enough 56%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 22,936 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 39% Enough 61%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 22,937 soil tests

    Good

    Short 2% Enough 98%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 22,938 soil tests

    Good

    Short 2% Enough 98%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 22,936 soil tests

    Good

    Short 13% Enough 87%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

Good fit 41

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Chillies (Dry)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (July–August) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹3.4 lakh–₹5.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2.3 lakh–₹4.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 530 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 550 mm it can use in a normal year, and 460 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 29 °C / 17 °C
    • Dec 29 °C / 15 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Chillies (Dry): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 14 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹30,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 80% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea Ammonium Phosphate 80%
    • Urea 20%
    • Nitro Phosphate Potash 20%
  2. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.7 lakh–₹2.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹2.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 480 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 800 mm it can use in a normal year, and 700 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 29 °C / 17 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,800 2021
    2. ₹2,580 2022
    3. ₹1,800 2023
    4. ₹2,900 2024
    5. ₹2,430 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 92% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Nitro Phosphate Potash 92%
    • Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate / Monohydrate 92%
    • Urea 8%
    • Urea Ammonium Phosphate 8%
  3. Ginger

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in April, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (April–May) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹51,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 840 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 890 mm it can use in a normal year, and 780 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–29 °C on average, and survives 13–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Apr 34 °C / 21 °C
    • May 33 °C / 21 °C
    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 29 °C / 17 °C
    • Dec 29 °C / 15 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Ginger: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 50 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹3,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,800 2022
    2. ₹8,500 2023
    3. ₹8,600 2024
    4. ₹2,750 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.8 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹59,000–₹1.2 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 320 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 760 mm it can use in a normal year, and 620 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 74 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,450 2023
    2. ₹1,800 2024
    3. ₹1,380 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹60,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.4 lakh–₹2.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹51,000–₹1.2 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 450 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 790 mm it can use in a normal year, and 690 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 44 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹4,024 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,530 2021
    2. ₹3,430 2022
    3. ₹2,630 2023
    4. ₹4,000 2024
    5. ₹3,610 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹90,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Jute

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (March–May) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹73,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 630 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 33 °C / 21 °C
    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jute: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 11 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,580 2021
    2. ₹6,050 2022
    3. ₹5,200 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹6,380 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Turmeric

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (May–June) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.7 lakh–₹2.5 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹30,000–₹1.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 820 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 840 mm it can use in a normal year, and 760 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 18–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 33 °C / 21 °C
    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 29 °C / 17 °C
    • Dec 29 °C / 15 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Turmeric: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 14 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹14,913 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,450 2021
    2. ₹6,300 2022
    3. ₹8,830 2023
    4. ₹13,080 2024
    5. ₹12,060 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Nitro Phosphate 100%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 100%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 100%
  8. Rice

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 2.3 lakh acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹56,000–₹84,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹27,000–₹55,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 930 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 880 mm it can use in a normal year, and 780 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–36 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Rice: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 20 quintals of paddy an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,455 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,441 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,110 2021
    2. ₹2,230 2022
    3. ₹2,340 2023
    4. ₹2,400 2024
    5. ₹2,400 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹29,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 17 quintals of paddy an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 80% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 80%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 27%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 26%
    • Nitro Phosphate Potash 21%
  9. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹33,000–₹90,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 480 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 800 mm it can use in a normal year, and 700 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 29 °C / 17 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 47 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,130 2021
    2. ₹2,800 2022
    3. ₹3,050 2023
    4. ₹3,830 2024
    5. ₹3,250 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹81,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • NPK Mixture 100%
  10. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around August

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹81,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹36,000–₹76,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 140 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 440 mm it can use in a normal year, and 370 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 42 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–September 2026): about ₹2,400 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹870 2021
    2. ₹1,030 2022
    3. ₹1,080 2023
    4. ₹1,180 2024
    5. ₹1,730 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹45,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

Possible, with effort 14

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cowpea (Lobia)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹19,000–₹29,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹10,000–₹20,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 690 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cowpea (Lobia): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹8,700 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,180 2021
    2. ₹6,910 2022
    3. ₹6,620 2023
    4. ₹6,800 2024
    5. ₹6,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹9,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Guar Seed (Cluster Bean)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹13,000–₹19,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹6,000–₹13,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 720 mm it can use in a normal year, and 590 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Guar Seed (Cluster Bean): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.

    Likes pH 7.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.4 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,556 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,780 2021
    2. ₹5,300 2022
    3. ₹5,150 2023
    4. ₹4,900 2024
    5. ₹4,640 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Moth Bean

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around August

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹8,000–₹11,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹8,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 200 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 620 mm it can use in a normal year, and 500 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 24–32 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Moth Bean: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.2.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–September 2026): about ₹8,700 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹8,010 2021
    2. ₹9,600 2022
    3. ₹9,880 2023
    4. ₹6,450 2024
    5. ₹7,210 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹4,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Bajra (Pearl Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹9,000–₹14,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹2,000 to a profit of ₹2,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 210 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 670 mm it can use in a normal year, and 530 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 12–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bajra (Pearl Millet): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 4.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,646 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,900 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,420 2021
    2. ₹2,210 2022
    3. ₹2,490 2023
    4. ₹2,500 2024
    5. ₹2,500 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹11,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Sesame (Til)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 44 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹10,000–₹14,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹158–₹5,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 690 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sesame (Til): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹11,600 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,346 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹8,350 2021
    2. ₹10,770 2022
    3. ₹14,030 2023
    4. ₹11,550 2024
    5. ₹9,440 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.2 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Tobacco

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,866 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹16,000–₹24,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹7,000 to a profit of ₹1,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 770 mm it can use in a normal year, and 650 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–30 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tobacco: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 5.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 7.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,609 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,650 2021
    2. ₹4,490 2022
    3. ₹4,570 2023
    4. ₹5,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Nitro Phosphate Potash 66%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 31%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 23%
  7. Sunflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,110 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹8,000–₹13,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹11,000–₹15,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 250 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 710 mm it can use in a normal year, and 570 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–34 °C on average, and survives 5–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sunflower: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.5 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,929 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,343 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,250 2021
    2. ₹5,380 2022
    3. ₹4,200 2023
    4. ₹4,020 2024
    5. ₹4,770 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 5.7 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Nitro Phosphate Potash 100%
  8. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹40,000–₹60,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹4,000–₹24,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 320 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 720 mm it can use in a normal year, and 590 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 63 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹560 2021
    2. ₹1,050 2022
    3. ₹700 2023
    4. ₹1,300 2024
    5. ₹850 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Onion

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (July–August) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹60,000–₹90,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹11,000–₹41,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 550 mm it can use in a normal year, and 460 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–25 °C on average, and survives 4–33 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C
    • Nov 29 °C / 17 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Onion: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 53 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,400 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,550 2021
    2. ₹1,200 2022
    3. ₹1,200 2023
    4. ₹2,150 2024
    5. ₹1,200 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹55,000–₹82,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹10,000–₹37,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 670 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 28 °C / 21 °C
    • Jul 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Aug 25 °C / 20 °C
    • Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
    • Oct 28 °C / 19 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 70 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹975 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹740 2021
    2. ₹1,080 2022
    3. ₹980 2023
    4. ₹1,530 2024
    5. ₹1,250 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹92,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).