Your plan for Gandhinagar

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 530 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 510 mm it can use in a normal year, and 310 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• May 41 °C / 27 °C
• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Soil

Soil for Jute: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 11 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹14,250 a quintal, the middle of 10 mandis across India (latest 11 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.2 lakh a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 600 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Capsicum: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,288 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹3,000 a quintal, the middle of 5 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹58,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹1.3 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 520 mm it can use in a normal year, and 340 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 50 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,250 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in January.

Typical costs are about ₹61,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 250 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Soil

Soil for Cucumber: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 59 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 350 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–32 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Groundnut: 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 10 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹7,500 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹7,100 a quintal, the middle of 8 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹33,000 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹7,517 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 350 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Pumpkin: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 74 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,250 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹1,250 a quintal, the middle of 6 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹30,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in January.

Typical costs are about ₹62,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 350 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Bitter Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 58 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹1,563 a quintal, the middle of 12 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹4,000 a season at typical costs.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹94,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 400 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 520 mm it can use in a normal year, and 340 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–33 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Soil

Soil for Soybean: 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 6.2 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,055 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹6,625 a quintal, the middle of 8 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹24,000 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹5,708 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 390 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 350 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Soil

Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

Money

Yield: about 5.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹6,613 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹6,363 a quintal, the middle of 4 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹25,000 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 520 mm it can use in a normal year, and 340 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C

Soil

Soil for Guar Seed (Cluster Bean): 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 7.5–8.0.

Money

Yield: about 4.5 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,001 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹7,725 a quintal, the middle of 26 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹29,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 640 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C
• Nov 33 °C / 16 °C

Soil

Soil for Brinjal: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 81 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

On rain alone it gets about 89% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 89% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹4,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹1,200 a quintal, the middle of 20 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹85,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Sweet Potato: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 96 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,800 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹2,400 a quintal, the middle of 6 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.7 lakh a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹59,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 640 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C
• Nov 33 °C / 16 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Green Chillies: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 70 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

On rain alone it gets about 89% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 89% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹2,750 a quintal, the middle of 2 mandis in your district (latest 7 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹51,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 420 mm it can use in a normal year, and 260 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 41 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,700 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹3,200 a quintal, the middle of 4 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹22,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 580 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Tomato: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 113 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,638 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹1,500 a quintal, the middle of 24 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹21,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹1.5 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 180 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 370 mm it can use in a normal year, and 180 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 66 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (October 2026): about ₹1,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹64,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 4 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 610 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 420 mm it can use in a normal year, and 260 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–39 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C
• Nov 33 °C / 16 °C
• Dec 30 °C / 13 °C

Soil

Soil for Castor Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 9.4 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

On rain alone it gets about 69% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 69% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,444 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹7,560 a quintal, the middle of 9 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹25,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹24,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 350 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Bottle Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 64 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹1,000 a quintal, the middle of 19 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹12,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹52,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 540 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 420 mm it can use in a normal year, and 260 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 12–25 °C on average, and survives 4–33 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 33 °C / 16 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Onion: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 114 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

On rain alone it gets about 78% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 78% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,300 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹4,000 a quintal, the middle of 17 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.5 lakh a season after typical costs.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 690 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 560 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C
• Sep 33 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 35 °C / 21 °C
• Nov 33 °C / 16 °C

Soil

Soil for Cotton: 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 5.9 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre here in this season (district figures).

On rain alone it gets about 81% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 81% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹7,469 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹9,100 a quintal, the middle of 17 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹16,000 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.