Your plan for Rayagada

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Bitter Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 40 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (November 2026): about ₹8,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹4,000 a quintal, the middle of 45 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹95,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹66,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 770 mm it can use in a normal year, and 620 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 22 °C
• Nov 28 °C / 17 °C

Soil

Soil for Brinjal: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 68 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹4,700 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹4,520 a quintal, the middle of 2 mandis in your district (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.4 lakh a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹71,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 450 mm it can use in a normal year, and 380 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Cucumber: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 55 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹5,150 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹61,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 41 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹51,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 820 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 840 mm it can use in a normal year, and 700 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 19–29 °C on average, and survives 13–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• May 36 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 22 °C
• Nov 28 °C / 17 °C
• Dec 26 °C / 14 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Ginger: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 57 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (February 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Pumpkin: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 87 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,620 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹1,300 a quintal, the middle of 67 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹39,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in February.

Typical costs are about ₹74,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 480 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 760 mm it can use in a normal year, and 620 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 22 °C

Soil

Soil for Capsicum: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 57 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹4,200 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹4,075 a quintal, the middle of 184 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.1 lakh a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 770 mm it can use in a normal year, and 620 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 22 °C
• Nov 28 °C / 17 °C

Soil

Soil for Green Chillies: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 45 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹6,500 a quintal, the middle of 25 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹2.2 lakh a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in March.

Typical costs are about ₹77,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 470 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 730 mm it can use in a normal year, and 590 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 22 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Tomato: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,875 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹3,800 a quintal, the middle of 2 mandis in your district (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹1.5 lakh a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in December.

Typical costs are about ₹81,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Bottle Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,100 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹2,100 a quintal, the middle of 13 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹72,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹45,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Cabbage: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 111 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹5,700 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Cauliflower: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 64 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,340 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 160 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 330 mm it can use in a normal year, and 240 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 42 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,900 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹41,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 470 mm it can use in a normal year, and 400 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 21 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹4,650 a quintal, the middle of 140 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹41,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 18–26 °C on average, and survives 11–34 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Niger Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 1.4 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹10,750 a quintal across India's mandis.

Minimum support price: ₹10,052 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in August.

Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 960 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 830 mm it can use in a normal year, and 700 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–36 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 22 °C
• Nov 28 °C / 17 °C

Soil

Soil for Rice: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 17 quintals of paddy an acre here in this season (district figures).

On rain alone it gets about 87% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 87% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (November–December 2025): about ₹2,300 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹2,461 a quintal, the middle of 687 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹7,000 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹2,441 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in January.

Typical costs are about ₹29,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 330 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 1.5 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,459 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹4,882 a quintal, the middle of 12 mandis across India (latest 12 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹871 a season at typical costs.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 530 mm it can use in a normal year, and 430 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Sesame (Til): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

Money

Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹14,050 a quintal, the middle of 81 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹756 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹10,346 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–32 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Groundnut: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

Money

Yield: about 5.3 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹7,087 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹7,170 a quintal, the middle of 137 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹2,000 a season at typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹7,517 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 330 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
• Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 29 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 30 °C / 24 °C

Soil

Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

Money

Yield: about 2.7 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,701 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹3,700 a quintal, the middle of 125 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹2,000 a season at typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.