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Your plan for Kalahandi

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 1,257 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 1,083 mm.

Temperature

Days about 30 °C, nights 24 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

Your soil test results
All soil results
  • Nitrogen

    From 32,779 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 41% Medium 58% High 2%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Phosphorus

    From 32,779 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 77% High 22%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 32,777 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 88% High 11%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 32,769 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 47% Medium 41% High 13%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 32,776 soil tests

    Good

    Acidic 9% Neutral 91%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 32,769 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 32,778 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 45% Enough 55%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 32,770 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 47% Enough 53%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 32,772 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 48% Enough 52%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 32,774 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 22% Enough 78%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 2 kg of copper sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 32,776 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 30% Enough 70%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray manganese sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, on the young crop.

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 32,768 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 50% Enough 50%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Good fit 38

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Ginger

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (April–May) is over.

    Grown on 247 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.5 lakh–₹3.8 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.8 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 830 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,020 mm it can use in a normal year, and 840 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–29 °C on average, and survives 13–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 37 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 26 °C / 13 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Ginger: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 64 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,090 2021
    2. ₹3,980 2022
    3. ₹12,260 2023
    4. ₹11,750 2024
    5. ₹7,100 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 53 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  2. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 6 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹81,000–₹1.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 920 mm it can use in a normal year, and 780 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 68 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,000 2022
    2. ₹2,500 2023
    3. ₹2,640 2024
    4. ₹3,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹71,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 84%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 56%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 27%
  3. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 6 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹69,000–₹1.4 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 470 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 910 mm it can use in a normal year, and 760 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,050 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,330 2022
    2. ₹2,400 2023
    3. ₹3,180 2024
    4. ₹3,200 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹81,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Cucumber

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.9 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹63,000–₹1.2 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cucumber: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 55 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,000 2022
    2. ₹3,100 2023
    3. ₹3,000 2024
    4. ₹3,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹61,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  5. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹98,000–₹1.5 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹57,000–₹1.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 150 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 42 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,900 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,630 2022
    2. ₹1,490 2023
    3. ₹1,700 2024
    4. ₹1,400 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹41,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  6. Sweet Potato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,483 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹98,000–₹1.5 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹39,000–₹87,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 410 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 900 mm it can use in a normal year, and 740 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sweet Potato: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 43 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,825 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,200 2023
    2. ₹2,530 2024
    3. ₹3,150 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹59,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 63 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  7. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.4 lakh–₹2.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹60,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 920 mm it can use in a normal year, and 780 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 45 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Prices are usually best in April.

    Typical costs are about ₹77,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  8. Pumpkin

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 5 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.8 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹45,000–₹1.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 900 mm it can use in a normal year, and 710 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Pumpkin: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 87 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,700 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,730 2021
    2. ₹2,000 2022
    3. ₹1,400 2023
    4. ₹1,900 2024
    5. ₹1,950 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹74,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  9. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹35,000–₹1.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 480 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 920 mm it can use in a normal year, and 780 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 57 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (November 2026): about ₹3,350 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  10. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹94,000–₹1.4 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹49,000–₹95,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 900 mm it can use in a normal year, and 710 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,100 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,050 2021
    2. ₹1,250 2022
    3. ₹1,430 2023
    4. ₹1,500 2024
    5. ₹1,740 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹45,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Possible, with effort 17

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 7 mandis in your district.

    ₹2.5 lakh–₹3.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 820 mm it can use in a normal year, and 660 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 111 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,250 2022
    2. ₹2,680 2024

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Cauliflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 5 mandis in your district.

    ₹2.1 lakh–₹3.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹2.2 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 820 mm it can use in a normal year, and 660 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cauliflower: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 64 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹4,200 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹83,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹28,000–₹69,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 660 mm it can use in a normal year, and 510 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 21 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,240 2021
    2. ₹4,230 2022
    3. ₹4,000 2023
    4. ₹4,560 2024
    5. ₹4,800 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Sesame (Til)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 518 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹11,000–₹17,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹3,000 to a profit of ₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 730 mm it can use in a normal year, and 600 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sesame (Til): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,346 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹7,840 2021
    2. ₹9,550 2022
    3. ₹13,310 2023
    4. ₹11,590 2024
    5. ₹8,860 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 1.9 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  5. Maize

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 5,489 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹15,000–₹23,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹7,000 to a profit of ₹514 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 330 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 820 mm it can use in a normal year, and 660 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–33 °C on average, and survives 10–47 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Maize: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 8.5 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,196 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,410 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,630 2021
    2. ₹1,920 2022
    3. ₹2,000 2023
    4. ₹2,100 2024
    5. ₹2,210 2025

    Prices are usually best in May.

    Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 11 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 33%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 15%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 6%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 4%
  6. Groundnut

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 2,303 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹29,000–₹43,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹12,000 to a profit of ₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 900 mm it can use in a normal year, and 710 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–32 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Groundnut: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.0 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹7,087 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹7,517 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,150 2021
    2. ₹5,500 2022
    3. ₹6,270 2023
    4. ₹5,680 2024
    5. ₹5,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 9.2 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 5%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 5%
    • Urea 5%
  7. Bajra (Pearl Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 148 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹4,000–₹6,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹5,000–₹7,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 230 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 670 mm it can use in a normal year, and 520 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 12–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bajra (Pearl Millet): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,492 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,900 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,340 2021
    2. ₹2,010 2022
    3. ₹2,190 2023
    4. ₹2,300 2024
    5. ₹2,270 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹11,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

  8. Castor Seed

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (July–August) is over.

    Grown on 1,161 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹12,000–₹19,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹6,000–₹12,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 490 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 720 mm it can use in a normal year, and 610 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–39 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 26 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Castor Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.5 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,218 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,670 2021
    2. ₹6,580 2022
    3. ₹5,720 2023
    4. ₹5,530 2024
    5. ₹6,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹24,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  9. Tobacco

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹7,000–₹11,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹12,000–₹16,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 390 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 900 mm it can use in a normal year, and 740 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–30 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tobacco: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.6 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,609 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,650 2021
    2. ₹4,490 2022
    3. ₹4,570 2023
    4. ₹5,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  10. Ragi (Finger Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–August) is over.

    Grown on 1,934 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹5,000–₹8,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹13,000–₹16,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 900 mm it can use in a normal year, and 710 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Aug 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Sep 29 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Ragi (Finger Millet): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.9 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,501 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,205 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,260 2021
    2. ₹2,280 2022
    3. ₹2,800 2023
    4. ₹3,300 2024
    5. ₹3,530 2025

    Prices are usually best in January.

    Typical costs are about ₹21,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 0%
    • Urea 0%

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).