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Your plan for Bargarh

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

7

out of 10

Soil score

Okay

Short in most fields here: nitrogen and boron.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 1,276 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 994 mm.

Temperature

Days about 33 °C, nights 26 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (2 nutrients)
  • Nitrogen

    From 28,369 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 84% Medium 16%

    8 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Boron

    From 28,374 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 50% Enough 50%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results
  • Phosphorus

    From 28,376 soil tests

    Good

    Low 15% Medium 27% High 58%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 28,375 soil tests

    Good

    Low 11% Medium 40% High 49%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 28,372 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 41% Medium 36% High 23%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 28,375 soil tests

    Okay

    Acidic 40% Neutral 60%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 28,363 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 99% Salty 1%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 28,375 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 42% Enough 58%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 28,368 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 31% Enough 69%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 28,356 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 22% Enough 78%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 28,371 soil tests

    Good

    Short 12% Enough 88%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 28,374 soil tests

    Good

    Short 15% Enough 85%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

Good fit 27

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 2 mandis in your district.

    ₹2.5 lakh–₹3.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 520 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 870 mm it can use in a normal year, and 670 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 57 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (November 2025): about ₹5,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,500 2023
    2. ₹4,250 2024

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 7 mandis in your district.

    ₹2.4 lakh–₹3.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.7 lakh–₹2.9 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 550 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 870 mm it can use in a normal year, and 670 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 17 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 45 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹6,750 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,200 2023
    2. ₹5,700 2024
    3. ₹6,450 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹77,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
  3. Cucumber

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.7 lakh–₹2.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹2.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 250 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 620 mm it can use in a normal year, and 470 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cucumber: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 55 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹3,900 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,900 2021
    2. ₹2,900 2022
    3. ₹2,900 2023
    4. ₹3,160 2024
    5. ₹3,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹61,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Ginger

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (April–May) is over.

    Grown on 593 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.4 lakh–₹3.5 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.5 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Very hot in May
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 910 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,020 mm it can use in a normal year, and 750 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–29 °C on average, and survives 13–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 42 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 17 °C
    • Dec 29 °C / 13 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Days in May get hotter than it likes. Time sowing so it flowers before then.

    Soil

    Soil for Ginger: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 59 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,090 2021
    2. ₹3,980 2022
    3. ₹12,260 2023
    4. ₹11,750 2024
    5. ₹7,100 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 17 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Okra (Bhindi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 8 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.9 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹74,000–₹1.4 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 380 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 600 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 41 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹3,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,500 2021
    2. ₹1,680 2022
    3. ₹2,530 2023
    4. ₹3,100 2024
    5. ₹2,700 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹51,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 12 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.4 lakh–₹2.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹65,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 550 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 870 mm it can use in a normal year, and 670 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 17 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 68 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,500 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,500 2021
    2. ₹1,800 2022
    3. ₹2,100 2023
    4. ₹2,700 2024
    5. ₹2,530 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹71,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 67%
  7. Jute

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (March–May) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹79,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹39,000–₹79,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 490 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 640 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 42 °C / 28 °C
    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jute: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 7.7 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,580 2021
    2. ₹6,050 2022
    3. ₹5,200 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹6,380 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Bitter Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹93,000–₹1.4 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹28,000–₹74,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 380 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 850 mm it can use in a normal year, and 650 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bitter Gourd: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 40 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,900 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,000 2021
    2. ₹3,000 2022
    3. ₹3,000 2023
    4. ₹3,500 2024
    5. ₹3,500 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹66,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Sweet Potato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 667 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹57,000–₹85,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1,000–₹30,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 650 mm it can use in a normal year, and 540 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 17 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sweet Potato: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 37 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,900 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,200 2023
    2. ₹2,530 2024
    3. ₹3,150 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 35 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Cotton

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 6,548 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹35,000–₹52,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹7,000–₹25,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 600 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 870 mm it can use in a normal year, and 670 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 30 °C / 17 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cotton: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.6 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹7,870 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 5.6 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 100%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%

Possible, with effort 27

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 9 mandis in your district.

    ₹2.4 lakh–₹3.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.5 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 650 mm it can use in a normal year, and 520 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 111 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,750 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,000 2021
    2. ₹1,850 2022
    3. ₹1,850 2023
    4. ₹2,380 2024
    5. ₹2,200 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
  2. Cauliflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 10 mandis in your district.

    ₹1.9 lakh–₹2.8 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹86,000–₹1.8 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Very hot in June
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 390 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 600 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Days in June get hotter than it likes. Time sowing so it flowers before then.

    Soil

    Soil for Cauliflower: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 64 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹3,700 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,000 2021
    2. ₹2,750 2022
    3. ₹3,000 2023

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 35%
  3. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 4 mandis in your district.

    ₹89,000–₹1.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹44,000–₹89,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 380 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 850 mm it can use in a normal year, and 650 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,050 2021
    2. ₹1,500 2022
    3. ₹1,500 2023
    4. ₹1,500 2024
    5. ₹1,450 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹45,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹83,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹28,000–₹69,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 490 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 21 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,240 2021
    2. ₹4,230 2022
    3. ₹4,000 2023
    4. ₹4,560 2024
    5. ₹4,800 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 3 mandis in your district.

    ₹67,000–₹1.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹26,000–₹60,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 170 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 480 mm it can use in a normal year, and 350 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 42 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (October 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹41,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Sold at 12 mandis in your district.

    ₹98,000–₹1.5 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹18,000–₹67,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 870 mm it can use in a normal year, and 670 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,080 2021
    2. ₹2,330 2022
    3. ₹2,000 2023
    4. ₹3,200 2024
    5. ₹2,550 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in January.

    Typical costs are about ₹81,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 50%
  7. Onion

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (July–August) is over.

    No figures for this season in your district. Sold at 8 mandis in your district.

    ₹87,000–₹1.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹14,000 to a profit of ₹29,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 460 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 650 mm it can use in a normal year, and 540 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–25 °C on average, and survives 4–33 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 30 °C / 17 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Onion: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 39 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,800 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,700 2021
    2. ₹2,500 2022
    3. ₹1,900 2023
    4. ₹3,100 2024
    5. ₹2,200 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.0 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 44 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Niger Seed

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹12,000–₹18,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹10,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 320 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 810 mm it can use in a normal year, and 600 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–26 °C on average, and survives 11–34 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Niger Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.4 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹10,750 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,052 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,600 2021
    2. ₹6,380 2022
    3. ₹8,000 2023
    4. ₹8,000 2024
    5. ₹8,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Sesame (Til)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 189 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹10,000–₹15,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹5,000 to a profit of ₹159 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 760 mm it can use in a normal year, and 570 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 38 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sesame (Til): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.0 quintals an acre here (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,346 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹7,840 2021
    2. ₹9,550 2022
    3. ₹13,310 2023
    4. ₹11,590 2024
    5. ₹8,860 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 1.3 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Horse Gram (Kulthi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for this season in your district. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹4,000–₹6,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹2,000–₹4,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 650 mm it can use in a normal year, and 540 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 25 °C
    • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 8 out of 10 (good).

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of boron.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.3 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,935 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,230 2021
    2. ₹4,350 2022
    3. ₹5,550 2023
    4. ₹5,920 2024
    5. ₹4,280 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.0 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

      Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 94%
1 crop won't work here See why for each one

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).