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Your plan for Jorhat

Rabi Rain only

We checked 49 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: 42 of the crops that suit can still be sown this season. For 6 the sowing time is over.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Not in the score: boron.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 201 mm in Rabi

October–February, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 148 mm.

Temperature

Days about 27 °C, nights 15 °C in Rabi

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

Your soil test results
All soil results
  • Nitrogen

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 68% High 31%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Phosphorus

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Low 12% Medium 27% High 61%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 39% Medium 55% High 6%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more potash (MOP) than the usual dose.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 26% Medium 29% High 45%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Okay

    Acidic 46% Neutral 54%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Short 5% Enough 95%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 22% Enough 78%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Short 6% Enough 94%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 59,523 soil tests

    Good

    Short 19% Enough 81%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

The tests here for boron look like a testing error: almost every test reads the same, unlike the districts around. They aren't used.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Good fit 12

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.3 lakh–₹1.9 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹23,000–₹87,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 210 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹2,881 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  2. Green Peas

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹83,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹21,000–₹63,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–24 °C on average, and survives 4–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Green Peas: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 46 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹2,244 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,300 2021
    2. ₹4,640 2022
    3. ₹3,820 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹4,550 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹62,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
  3. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around December

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹42,000–₹63,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹21,000–₹42,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 140 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 48 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹1,100 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  4. Coriander

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹30,000–₹45,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹12,000–₹27,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–25 °C on average, and survives 4–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Coriander: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 4.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹8,351 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹14,525 a quintal, the middle of 22 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹47,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,200 2021
    2. ₹9,530 2022
    3. ₹6,070 2023
    4. ₹6,250 2024
    5. ₹6,730 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹18,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  5. Fenugreek (Methi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹28,000–₹42,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹9,000–₹23,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 13–27 °C on average, and survives 5–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Fenugreek (Methi): 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 7.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 6.7 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹5,199 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,405 a quintal, the middle of 20 mandis across India (latest 12 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹30,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,800 2021
    2. ₹4,910 2022
    3. ₹5,790 2023
    4. ₹5,260 2024
    5. ₹4,560 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹19,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  6. Niger Seed

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹16,000–₹25,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹8,000–₹16,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 230 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–26 °C on average, and survives 11–34 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Niger Seed: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹8,763 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,052 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,600 2021
    2. ₹6,380 2022
    3. ₹8,000 2023
    4. ₹8,000 2024
    5. ₹8,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.5 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  7. Sesame (Til)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹20,000–₹29,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹5,000–₹15,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 220 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sesame (Til): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹8,733 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹14,050 a quintal, the middle of 81 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹25,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,346 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹7,840 2021
    2. ₹9,550 2022
    3. ₹13,310 2023
    4. ₹11,590 2024
    5. ₹8,860 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹15,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 3.1 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  8. Moong (Green Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around December

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 341 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹14,000–₹20,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹524 to a profit of ₹6,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 170 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 21–36 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Moong (Green Gram): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.

    Likes pH 6.2–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,108 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹8,050 a quintal, the middle of 152 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹8,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,780 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,010 2021
    2. ₹6,130 2022
    3. ₹7,280 2023
    4. ₹7,580 2024
    5. ₹6,880 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 3.5 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  9. Sunflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹21,000–₹32,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹2,000 to a profit of ₹9,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 220 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–34 °C on average, and survives 5–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sunflower: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 4.2 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,349 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,400 a quintal, the middle of 21 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹8,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,343 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,570 2021
    2. ₹5,590 2022
    3. ₹4,440 2023
    4. ₹4,340 2024
    5. ₹4,960 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

  10. Horse Gram (Kulthi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹8,000–₹11,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2,000–₹6,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹3,830 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹4,882 a quintal, the middle of 12 mandis across India (latest 12 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹6,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,230 2021
    2. ₹4,350 2022
    3. ₹5,550 2023
    4. ₹5,920 2024
    5. ₹4,280 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

Possible, with effort 36

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cauliflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹57,000–₹1.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cauliflower: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 76 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 87% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 87% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹2,125 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 52%
    • Urea 52%
  2. Carrot

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹49,000–₹1.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 3–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Carrot: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.8–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 79 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 87% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 87% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹1,975 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹60,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  3. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹89,000–₹1.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹35,000–₹80,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 86 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 87% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 87% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹1,475 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹53,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 90%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 70%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 14%
  4. Linseed

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 3.5 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹13,000–₹19,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹5,000–₹11,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 290 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–24 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C
    • Feb 26 °C / 13 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Linseed: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    On rain alone it gets about 88% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 88% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹7,063 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹10,000 a quintal, the middle of 17 mandis across India (latest 12 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹14,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,680 2021
    2. ₹6,150 2022
    3. ₹4,800 2023
    4. ₹5,490 2024
    5. ₹6,690 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  5. Cowpea (Lobia)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹15,000–₹22,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹12,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in November
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 220 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cowpea (Lobia): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,592 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹8,781 a quintal, the middle of 24 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹14,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,510 2021
    2. ₹5,430 2022
    3. ₹6,340 2023
    4. ₹7,030 2024
    5. ₹5,820 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹10,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  6. Cumin

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹33,000–₹49,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹42–₹16,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 20 mm it can use in a normal year (10 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–26 °C on average, and survives 9–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C
    • Feb 26 °C / 13 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cumin: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.8–8.3.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 71% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 71% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹19,375 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹25,000 a quintal, the middle of 15 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹20,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹11,940 2021
    2. ₹18,820 2022
    3. ₹40,000 2023
    4. ₹22,700 2024
    5. ₹18,340 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹33,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

  7. Lentil (Masoor)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 113 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹14,000–₹21,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹2,000 to a profit of ₹5,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–29 °C on average, and survives 5–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Lentil (Masoor): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    On rain alone it gets about 89% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 89% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹6,027 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹6,950 a quintal, the middle of 10 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹4,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹7,390 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,000 2021
    2. ₹6,220 2022
    3. ₹5,860 2023
    4. ₹6,660 2024
    5. ₹6,740 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 3.9 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  8. Jowar (Sorghum)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    This season's sowing time (September–October) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹12,000–₹18,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹372 to a profit of ₹6,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in December
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 4.6 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹3,259 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹3,700 a quintal, the middle of 125 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹5,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,820 2021
    2. ₹2,180 2022
    3. ₹3,330 2023
    4. ₹2,760 2024
    5. ₹2,590 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 100%
  9. Urad (Black Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of December.

    Grown on 1,206 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹12,000–₹18,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹2,000 to a profit of ₹4,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in December
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 190 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 50 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 22 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Urad (Black Gram): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • The pH here suits it.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.4 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,320 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,850 a quintal, the middle of 172 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹4,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,200 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,930 2021
    2. ₹5,700 2022
    3. ₹7,310 2023
    4. ₹8,230 2024
    5. ₹6,290 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  10. Barley

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹15,000–₹23,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹3,000 to a profit of ₹5,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 330 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 40 mm it can use in a normal year (20 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–20 °C on average, and survives 2–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 25 °C / 12 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 10 °C
    • Feb 26 °C / 13 °C
    • Mar 29 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Barley: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: boron.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 12 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 72% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 72% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹2,112 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹2,825 a quintal, the middle of 20 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹7,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,286 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,650 2021
    2. ₹2,500 2022
    3. ₹1,890 2023
    4. ₹2,130 2024
    5. ₹2,300 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹18,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

1 crop won't work here See why for each one

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).