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Your plan for South Garo Hills

Rabi Rain only

We checked 50 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: 43 of the crops that suit can still be sown this season. For 6 the sowing time is over.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Short in most fields here: zinc.

Not in the score: sulphur.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 434 mm in Rabi

October–February, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 185 mm.

Temperature

Days about 27 °C, nights 16 °C in Rabi

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (1 nutrient)
  • Zinc

    From 2,658 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 55% Enough 45%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results
  • Nitrogen

    From 2,658 soil tests

    Good

    Low 14% Medium 83% High 3%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Phosphorus

    From 2,658 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 41% Medium 59%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 2,658 soil tests

    Good

    Low 16% Medium 84%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 2,655 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 15% High 84%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 2,654 soil tests

    Okay

    Acidic 48% Neutral 52%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 2,656 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Iron

    From 2,658 soil tests

    Good

    Short 4% Enough 96%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 2,655 soil tests

    Good

    Short 13% Enough 87%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 2,658 soil tests

    Good

    Short 7% Enough 93%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 2,283 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 47% Enough 53%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

The tests here for sulphur look like a testing error: almost every test reads the same, unlike the districts around. They aren't used.

Good fit 39

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹3.9 lakh–₹5.8 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2.9 lakh–₹4.9 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 230 mm it can use in a normal year (90 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C
    • Mar 31 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 45 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March 2026): about ₹10,750 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹95,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Cauliflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in September, harvest around December

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.4 lakh–₹3.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.8 lakh–₹3.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 370 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Sep 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cauliflower: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 67 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹4,425 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,950 2022
    2. ₹5,050 2024

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹59,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.6 lakh–₹2.4 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.0 lakh–₹1.8 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 230 mm it can use in a normal year (90 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C
    • Mar 31 °C / 18 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (April 2026): about ₹3,500 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.6 lakh–₹2.5 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.2 lakh–₹2.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 400 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 170 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 65 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹3,163 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,950 2021
    2. ₹2,700 2022
    3. ₹4,150 2024

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹47,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.4 lakh–₹2.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹87,000–₹1.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 210 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 29 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,113 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,750 2021
    2. ₹7,000 2022
    3. ₹6,880 2023
    4. ₹6,250 2024
    5. ₹5,750 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in April.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around December

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹93,000–₹1.4 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹58,000–₹1.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 130 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 170 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 77 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹1,513 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,700 2022
    2. ₹2,400 2024

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹35,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Garlic

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around March

    This season's sowing time (October) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹28,000–₹87,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 390 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 180 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–30 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Garlic: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.6.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 13 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March 2026): about ₹11,500 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    This week: about ₹12,000 a quintal, the middle of 183 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹64,000 a season after typical costs.

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹88,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Carrot

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹82,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹26,000–₹66,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 3–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Carrot: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.8–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 74 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹1,375 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,790 2021
    2. ₹2,050 2022
    3. ₹2,090 2023
    4. ₹2,240 2024
    5. ₹2,240 2025

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹56,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹78,000–₹1.2 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹24,000–₹63,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 87 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹1,125 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,190 2021
    2. ₹1,530 2022
    3. ₹1,000 2023
    4. ₹1,670 2024
    5. ₹1,350 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹54,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹70,000–₹1.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹22,000–₹57,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 390 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 170 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 32 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹2,688 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,530 2021
    2. ₹3,430 2022
    3. ₹2,630 2023
    4. ₹4,000 2024
    5. ₹3,610 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹48,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

Possible, with effort 11

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cowpea (Lobia)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 828 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹21,000–₹32,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹11,000–₹21,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Cool in November
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 210 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cowpea (Lobia): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 4.0 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,592 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹8,781 a quintal, the middle of 24 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹25,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,510 2021
    2. ₹5,430 2022
    3. ₹6,340 2023
    4. ₹7,030 2024
    5. ₹5,820 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹10,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Cumin

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹34,000–₹50,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1,000–₹18,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 30 mm it can use in a normal year (10 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–26 °C on average, and survives 9–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cumin: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.8–8.3.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 73% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 73% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹19,375 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹25,000 a quintal, the middle of 15 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹22,000 a season after typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹11,940 2021
    2. ₹18,820 2022
    3. ₹40,000 2023
    4. ₹22,700 2024
    5. ₹18,340 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹33,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Barley

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹16,000–₹24,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹2,000 to a profit of ₹6,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Warm in November
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 60 mm it can use in a normal year (30 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–20 °C on average, and survives 2–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Mar 31 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Barley: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 12 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 76% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 76% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹2,112 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹2,825 a quintal, the middle of 20 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹9,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,286 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,650 2021
    2. ₹2,500 2022
    3. ₹1,890 2023
    4. ₹2,130 2024
    5. ₹2,300 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹18,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Groundnut

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Sowing time is now.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹31,000–₹47,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹9,000 to a profit of ₹6,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Cool in December
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 30 mm it can use in a normal year (10 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–32 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Groundnut: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 8.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 75% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 75% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹6,482 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹7,170 a quintal, the middle of 137 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹3,000 a season after typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹7,517 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,150 2021
    2. ₹5,500 2022
    3. ₹6,270 2023
    4. ₹5,680 2024
    5. ₹5,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Wheat

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Sowing time is now.

    Grown on 15 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹11,000–₹17,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹2,000–₹8,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 60 mm it can use in a normal year (40 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–25 °C on average, and survives 5–27 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C
    • Mar 31 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Wheat: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 6.0–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 8.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    On rain alone it gets about 72% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 72% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹2,377 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹2,724 a quintal, the middle of 497 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹3,000 a season at typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,610 a quintal (2027-28), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,820 2021
    2. ₹2,060 2022
    3. ₹2,330 2023
    4. ₹2,480 2024
    5. ₹2,530 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹19,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Tobacco

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 317 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹12,000–₹18,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹5,000–₹11,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–30 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tobacco: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹3,978 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹3,136 a quintal, the middle of 8 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹11,000 a season at typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,650 2021
    2. ₹4,490 2022
    3. ₹4,570 2023
    4. ₹5,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2022–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Maize

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around January

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for this season in your district. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹11,000–₹16,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹6,000–₹11,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 250 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–33 °C on average, and survives 10–47 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Maize: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 7.2 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹1,824 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹2,700 a quintal, the middle of 495 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹2,000 a season at typical costs.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,410 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,580 2021
    2. ₹2,020 2022
    3. ₹2,010 2023
    4. ₹2,230 2024
    5. ₹2,150 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Sweet Potato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around February

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    No figures for this season in your district. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹30,000–₹45,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹10,000–₹25,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 320 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 160 mm it can use in a normal year (70 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sweet Potato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 16 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹2,388 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,740 2021
    2. ₹1,980 2022
    3. ₹1,940 2023
    4. ₹2,380 2024
    5. ₹2,500 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹55,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Chillies (Dry)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in October, harvest around March

    Still sowing time: sow by the end of November.

    Grown on 780 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹34,000–₹51,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹61,000–₹78,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 480 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 250 mm it can use in a normal year (110 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Oct 31 °C / 23 °C
    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C
    • Mar 31 °C / 18 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Chillies (Dry): 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.1 quintals an acre here (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹13,731 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹20,925 a quintal, the middle of 53 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would lose about ₹48,000 a season at typical costs.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹10,650 2021
    2. ₹14,980 2022
    3. ₹16,750 2023
    4. ₹12,910 2024
    5. ₹12,120 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Rice

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in November, harvest around March

    Sowing time is now.

    Grown on 551 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    Only with irrigation: rain gives too little of its water to count on

    • Needs care: Risky: 9 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 9 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 900 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 290 mm it can use in a normal year (200 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–36 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Nov 28 °C / 18 °C
    • Dec 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jan 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
    • Feb 27 °C / 14 °C
    • Mar 31 °C / 18 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Rice: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 7.7 quintals of paddy an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (March–April 2026): about ₹2,288 a quintal across India's mandis.

    This week: about ₹2,461 a quintal, the middle of 687 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

    Minimum support price: ₹2,441 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,750 2021
    2. ₹1,820 2022
    3. ₹2,040 2023
    4. ₹2,200 2024
    5. ₹2,300 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹29,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).