Change farm details

Your plan for East Garo Hills

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

8

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Short in most fields here: phosphorus and zinc.

Not in the score: sulphur.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 2,430 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 1,682 mm.

Temperature

Days about 29 °C, nights 23 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (2 nutrients)
  • Phosphorus

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 51% Medium 49%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Zinc

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 51% Enough 49%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results
  • Nitrogen

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Good

    Low 17% Medium 81% High 2%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Good

    Low 13% Medium 86%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 2,246 soil tests

    Good

    Low 1% Medium 20% High 79%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • pH

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Okay

    Acidic 30% Neutral 70%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

    If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Iron

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Good

    Short 3% Enough 97%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Good

    Short 9% Enough 91%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 2,248 soil tests

    Good

    Short 5% Enough 95%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 2,006 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 50% Enough 50%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

The tests here for sulphur look like a testing error: almost every test reads the same, unlike the districts around. They aren't used.

Good fit 39

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Turmeric

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around January

    This season's sowing time (May–June) is over.

    Grown on 211 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹6.0 lakh–₹9.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4.6 lakh–₹7.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 750 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 2,190 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,580 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 18–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 30 °C / 22 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 23 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Turmeric: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 26 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹29,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in January.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.4 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 23 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Bitter Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.7 lakh–₹4.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2.1 lakh–₹3.5 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,580 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,090 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bitter Gourd: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 40 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October 2026): about ₹8,600 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,930 2023
    2. ₹5,100 2025

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹3.1 lakh–₹4.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2.3 lakh–₹3.8 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 500 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,200 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 45 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (November 2026): about ₹8,500 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹77,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.2 lakh–₹3.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.6 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 470 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,200 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 32 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹8,500 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,750 2024
    2. ₹3,650 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹67,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Okra (Bhindi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.6 lakh–₹2.4 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.2 lakh–₹2.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 350 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,490 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,020 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 31 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,550 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹38,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.7 lakh–₹2.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.1 lakh–₹2.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 500 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,200 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 16 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,850 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹59,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Pumpkin

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.3 lakh–₹1.9 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹81,000–₹1.4 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,580 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,090 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Pumpkin: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 55 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October 2026): about ₹2,900 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,100 2022
    2. ₹2,300 2024

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹46,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Cucumber

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around August

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹86,000–₹1.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹50,000–₹93,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,230 mm it can use in a normal year, and 840 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cucumber: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 33 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–September 2026): about ₹3,250 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,500 2021
    2. ₹3,950 2023
    3. ₹3,500 2024
    4. ₹3,300 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹36,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹46,000–₹1.1 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 470 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,730 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,160 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 65 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,525 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,950 2021
    2. ₹2,700 2022
    3. ₹4,150 2024

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹85,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Jute

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (March–May) is over.

    Grown on 119 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹75,000–₹1.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹34,000–₹72,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,840 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,330 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 30 °C / 22 °C
    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jute: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 7.2 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,580 2021
    2. ₹6,050 2022
    3. ₹5,200 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹6,380 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 9.0 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

Possible, with effort 16

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cauliflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹2.6 lakh–₹3.9 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.9 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,490 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,020 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cauliflower: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 67 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹4,900 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,950 2022
    2. ₹5,050 2024

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.6 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹67,000–₹1.4 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,490 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,020 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 87 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,250 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,600 2021
    2. ₹1,700 2022
    3. ₹2,800 2024

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹89,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.3 lakh–₹2.0 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹54,000–₹1.2 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,280 mm it can use in a normal year, and 870 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 29 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹5,625 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,750 2021
    2. ₹7,000 2022
    3. ₹6,880 2023
    4. ₹6,250 2024
    5. ₹5,750 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in April.

    Typical costs are about ₹78,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around August

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹34,000–₹93,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 170 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 920 mm it can use in a normal year, and 640 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 77 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (August–September 2026): about ₹1,900 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹990 2021
    2. ₹1,090 2022
    3. ₹1,130 2023
    4. ₹1,360 2024
    5. ₹1,280 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹82,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Niger Seed

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹11,000–₹16,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹2,000–₹8,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,490 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,020 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–26 °C on average, and survives 11–34 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Niger Seed: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹10,750 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹10,052 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,600 2021
    2. ₹6,380 2022
    3. ₹8,000 2023
    4. ₹8,000 2024
    5. ₹8,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Castor Seed

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (July–August) is over.

    Grown on 42 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹18,000–₹27,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹6,000 to a profit of ₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 450 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,130 mm it can use in a normal year, and 830 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 15–39 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 23 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Castor Seed: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.6 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,218 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,670 2021
    2. ₹6,580 2022
    3. ₹5,720 2023
    4. ₹5,530 2024
    5. ₹6,000 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹24,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Maize

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,990 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹15,000–₹23,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹7,000 to a profit of ₹634 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,490 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,020 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–33 °C on average, and survives 10–47 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Maize: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 8.0 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,350 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,410 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,580 2021
    2. ₹2,020 2022
    3. ₹2,010 2023
    4. ₹2,230 2024
    5. ₹2,150 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 18 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Sweet Potato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 570 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹41,000–₹62,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹18,000 to a profit of ₹3,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,650 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,120 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sweet Potato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 15 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹3,500 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,740 2021
    2. ₹1,980 2022
    3. ₹1,940 2023
    4. ₹2,380 2024
    5. ₹2,500 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹59,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 20 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Onion

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in August, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (July–August) is over.

    Grown on 52 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹48,000–₹72,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹2,000–₹26,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 380 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 630 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–25 °C on average, and survives 4–33 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 16 °C
    • Dec 23 °C / 13 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Onion: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 38 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹1,600 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,000 2021
    2. ₹1,480 2022
    3. ₹1,510 2023
    4. ₹2,580 2024
    5. ₹1,500 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹74,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 74 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Cotton

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around December

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 3,317 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹11,000–₹17,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    Likely a loss at typical costs: ₹11,000–₹16,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 8/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 530 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,780 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,200 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 29 °C / 23 °C
    • Jul 29 °C / 24 °C
    • Aug 30 °C / 24 °C
    • Sep 30 °C / 23 °C
    • Oct 29 °C / 21 °C
    • Nov 26 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cotton: 8 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: sulphur.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.9 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹7,350 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,180 2021
    2. ₹9,050 2022
    3. ₹7,000 2023
    4. ₹7,050 2024
    5. ₹7,130 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.6 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).