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Your plan for Aligarh

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

5

out of 10

Soil score

Poor

Short in most fields here: nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, zinc and iron.

Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 591 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 386 mm.

Temperature

Days about 36 °C, nights 26 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (5 nutrients)

  • Nitrogen

    From 18,000 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 85% Medium 15%

    9 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  • Phosphorus

    From 18,000 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 65% Medium 35%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Organic carbon

    From 18,000 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 85% Medium 14% High 1%

    9 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  • Zinc

    From 17,985 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 55% Enough 45%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 17,999 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 92% Enough 8%

    9 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results

  • pH

    From 18,000 soil tests

    Okay

    Neutral 65% Alkaline 35%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out alkaline

    If your field is alkaline: add compost or farmyard manure. Very alkaline land also needs gypsum; a soil lab works out how much.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 18,000 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 96% Salty 4%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Copper

    From 17,998 soil tests

    Good

    Short 4% Enough 96%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Boron

    From 17,998 soil tests

    Good

    Short 11% Enough 89%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

The tests here for potassium, sulphur and manganese look like a testing error: almost every test reads the same, unlike the districts around. They aren't used.

Good fit 0

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Nothing fits well this season. Look at the crops below that are possible with effort, or try another season.

Possible, with effort 47

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Cucumber

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.6 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹12,000 to a profit of ₹41,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 6/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 240 mm it can use in a normal year, and 180 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cucumber: 6 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 108 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 80% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 80% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹1,550 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,370 2021
    2. ₹1,710 2022
    3. ₹1,700 2023
    4. ₹1,860 2024
    5. ₹1,940 2025

    Prices are usually best in January.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.2 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Sunflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹28,000–₹41,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹18,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 6/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 380 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 310 mm it can use in a normal year, and 210 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–34 °C on average, and survives 5–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Sunflower: 6 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • Soil here is often more alkaline than it likes.
    • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 5.6 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    On rain alone it gets about 83% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 83% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹7,446 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,343 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,570 2021
    2. ₹5,590 2022
    3. ₹4,440 2023
    4. ₹4,340 2024
    5. ₹4,960 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 3.5 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Bajra (Pearl Millet)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 2.0 lakh acres here. Sold at 8 mandis in your district.

    ₹18,000–₹27,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹7,000–₹15,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 6/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 290 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 250 mm it can use in a normal year, and 180 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 12–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Bajra (Pearl Millet): 6 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 9.8 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,291 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹2,900 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,300 2021
    2. ₹1,990 2022
    3. ₹2,150 2023
    4. ₹2,210 2024
    5. ₹2,180 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹11,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 8.9 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 95% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      About 22% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 95%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 22%
    • Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate / Monohydrate 0%
    • Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 0%

  4. Guar Seed (Cluster Bean)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 341 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹13,000–₹19,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹6,000–₹13,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 400 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 340 mm it can use in a normal year, and 210 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Guar Seed (Cluster Bean): 7 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 7.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.9 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    On rain alone it gets about 84% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 84% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,556 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,780 2021
    2. ₹5,300 2022
    3. ₹5,150 2023
    4. ₹4,900 2024
    5. ₹4,640 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 100%

  5. Jowar (Sorghum)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 6,111 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹16,000–₹25,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹12,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 6/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 360 mm it can use in a normal year, and 220 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jowar (Sorghum): 6 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.

    Likes pH 5.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 6.9 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October 2026): about ₹2,963 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹4,023 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,480 2021
    2. ₹2,700 2022
    3. ₹3,200 2023
    4. ₹3,090 2024
    5. ₹3,310 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹12,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 6.9 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      About 63% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 63%

  6. Cowpea (Lobia)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹14,000–₹22,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹5,000–₹12,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 290 mm it can use in a normal year, and 210 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cowpea (Lobia): 7 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 78% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 78% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹8,300 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,510 2021
    2. ₹5,430 2022
    3. ₹6,340 2023
    4. ₹7,030 2024
    5. ₹5,820 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹9,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹48,000–₹72,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹5,000 to a profit of ₹19,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Needs care: Soil 5/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 460 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 360 mm it can use in a normal year, and 220 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 5 out of 10 (poor).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • Soil here is often more alkaline than it likes.
    • Many fields here are short of nitrogen, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 66 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 78% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 78% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,175 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,090 2021
    2. ₹1,330 2022
    3. ₹1,230 2023
    4. ₹1,490 2024
    5. ₹1,480 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹53,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

      Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Moth Bean

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹7,000–₹11,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹3,000–₹7,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 7/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 240 mm it can use in a normal year, and 180 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 24–32 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Moth Bean: 7 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Most fields here are short of phosphorus.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 6.5–8.2.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 86% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 86% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹9,525 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,910 2021
    2. ₹6,570 2022
    3. ₹6,320 2023
    4. ₹5,950 2024
    5. ₹6,330 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹4,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Horse Gram (Kulthi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹9,000–₹13,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹937–₹5,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Needs care: Soil 6/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 360 mm it can use in a normal year, and 220 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 6 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • Soil here is often more alkaline than it likes.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    On rain alone it gets about 82% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 82% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,459 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,230 2021
    2. ₹4,350 2022
    3. ₹5,550 2023
    4. ₹5,920 2024
    5. ₹4,280 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Urad (Black Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,655 acres here. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹12,000–₹18,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹2,000 to a profit of ₹4,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 1 irrigation short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Needs care: Soil 6/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 1 irrigation (5 cm) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 300 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 250 mm it can use in a normal year, and 180 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 35 °C / 27 °C
    • Aug 34 °C / 26 °C
    • Sep 34 °C / 25 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Urad (Black Gram): 6 out of 10 (okay).

    Not in the score: potassium, sulphur and manganese.

    • Soil here is often more alkaline than it likes.
    • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
    • Many fields here are short of phosphorus, which it needs a lot.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
    • Most fields here are short of zinc.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.2 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    On rain alone it gets about 84% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 84% of this yield.

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹8,113 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,200 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,930 2021
    2. ₹5,700 2022
    3. ₹7,310 2023
    4. ₹8,230 2024
    5. ₹6,290 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of phosphorus Your soil is likely short of phosphorus.

      Add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

      About 56% of local fields of this crop get it.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

      Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

      Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 56%
    • Urea 20%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 7%
8 crops won't work here See why for each one

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).