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Your plan for Jhalawar

Kharif Rain only

We checked 55 crops against your soil, rain and temperature, whether or not they're grown near you.

It's November: this season's sowing time is over for every crop that suits. Use this plan for the next sowing.

Your land

Soil

9

out of 10

Soil score

Good

Short in most fields here: organic carbon.

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

For most crops. How the soil score works

Rain

About 855 mm in Kharif

June–September, in a normal year. A dry year brings about 681 mm.

Temperature

Days about 34 °C, nights 25 °C in Kharif

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

What's short in your soil, and what to do (1 nutrient)
  • Organic carbon

    From 13,097 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 70% Medium 28% High 2%

    7 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Other soil results
  • Phosphorus

    From 13,105 soil tests

    Good

    Medium 13% High 86%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  • Potassium

    From 13,110 soil tests

    Good

    Medium 2% High 98%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less potash than usual.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  • pH

    From 13,081 soil tests

    Good

    Neutral 100%

    Almost every soil test here came out neutral

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  • Salt

    From 13,093 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

  • Sulphur

    From 1,914 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  • Zinc

    From 13,111 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 23% Enough 77%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  • Iron

    From 13,117 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 30% Enough 70%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  • Copper

    From 13,104 soil tests

    Good

    Short 1% Enough 99%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  • Manganese

    From 13,120 soil tests

    Good

    Short 5% Enough 95%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

Too few tests here to judge nitrogen (2 tests) and boron (4 tests), out of 13,120 soil samples.

Good fit 22

Water, temperature and soil type suit; amber shows what needs care, such as nutrients to add. Sorted by what is likely left per acre after costs; risky crops come lower.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Jute

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (March–May) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹1.1 lakh–₹1.7 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹73,000–₹1.3 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 540 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 530 mm it can use in a normal year, and 400 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–37 °C on average, and survives 13–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 43 °C / 28 °C
    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Jute: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 11 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹12,950 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Minimum support price: ₹5,925 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,580 2021
    2. ₹6,050 2022
    3. ₹5,200 2023
    4. ₹5,000 2024
    5. ₹6,380 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  2. Capsicum

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.5 lakh–₹2.3 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹25,000–₹1.0 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 600 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Capsicum: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 62 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹3,088 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,480 2021
    2. ₹3,000 2022
    3. ₹2,800 2023
    4. ₹3,700 2024
    5. ₹3,230 2025

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹1.3 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Okra (Bhindi)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹41,000–₹61,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹14,000–₹35,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 550 mm it can use in a normal year, and 390 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 12–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Okra (Bhindi): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 22 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,363 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,450 2021
    2. ₹2,300 2022
    3. ₹2,700 2023
    4. ₹2,560 2024
    5. ₹2,900 2025

    Prices are usually best in January.

    Typical costs are about ₹27,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  4. Groundnut

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 1,168 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹50,000–₹76,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹10,000–₹35,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 450 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–32 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Groundnut: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 9.0 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹6,992 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹7,517 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹5,170 2021
    2. ₹5,330 2022
    3. ₹6,220 2023
    4. ₹5,020 2024
    5. ₹4,600 2025

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹40,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 9.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 61%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 50%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 19%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 13%
  5. Cucumber

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹34,000–₹51,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹11,000–₹28,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 280 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 410 mm it can use in a normal year, and 290 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–32 °C on average, and survives 6–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cucumber: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 21 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,580 2021
    2. ₹1,830 2022
    3. ₹1,600 2023
    4. ₹1,980 2024
    5. ₹1,700 2025

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Bitter Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹33,000–₹50,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹6,000–₹23,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–30 °C on average, and survives 15–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bitter Gourd: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–6.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 17 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,525 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,000 2021
    2. ₹2,440 2022
    3. ₹2,380 2023
    4. ₹2,730 2024
    5. ₹2,610 2025

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹27,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Cowpea (Lobia)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹17,000–₹26,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹8,000–₹17,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 340 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 510 mm it can use in a normal year, and 360 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 15–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cowpea (Lobia): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.8 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹7,775 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹4,210 2021
    2. ₹4,270 2022
    3. ₹5,400 2023
    4. ₹5,630 2024
    5. ₹5,640 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹9,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Guar Seed (Cluster Bean)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 4.3 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹12,000–₹19,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹6,000–₹12,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 370 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 550 mm it can use in a normal year, and 390 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 25–35 °C on average, and survives 10–45 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Guar Seed (Cluster Bean): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 7.5–8.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 2.3 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,680 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,860 2021
    2. ₹5,370 2022
    3. ₹5,110 2023
    4. ₹4,930 2024
    5. ₹4,730 2025

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 4.0 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Moong (Green Gram)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 130 acres here. Sold at 3 mandis in your district.

    ₹17,000–₹26,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹3,000–₹12,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 240 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 390 mm it can use in a normal year, and 270 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 21–36 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Moong (Green Gram): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.2–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 3.2 quintals an acre here (district figures).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹6,821 a quintal at mandis in your district.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,780 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    Prices are usually best in November.

    Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.5 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 80%
    • Urea 66%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 22%
    • Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 7%
  10. Pumpkin

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹37,000–₹56,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹4,000 to a profit of ₹15,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–30 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Pumpkin: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 49 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹963 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹730 2021
    2. ₹1,000 2022
    3. ₹870 2023
    4. ₹1,210 2024
    5. ₹1,140 2025

    Prices are usually best in February.

    Typical costs are about ₹41,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

Possible, with effort 32

Each needs something extra: irrigation, soil care or a careful sowing time, or it likely loses money at typical costs. The card says what.

Sowing Growing Harvest

  1. Sweet Potato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    Grown on 45 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹1.2 lakh–₹1.8 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹60,000–₹1.2 lakh an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 510 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 18–28 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Sweet Potato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 61 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹2,425 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,400 2023
    2. ₹1,550 2024
    3. ₹2,050 2025

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹59,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
    • Urea 100%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 100%
  2. Beans (Vegetable)

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

    ₹39,000–₹58,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹13,000–₹32,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 310 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 420 mm it can use in a normal year, and 300 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 16–25 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Beans (Vegetable): 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 9.7 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,000 a quintal across India's mandis.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹3,240 2021
    2. ₹4,230 2022
    3. ₹4,000 2023
    4. ₹4,560 2024
    5. ₹4,800 2025

    Prices are usually best in June.

    Typical costs are about ₹26,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  3. Tomato

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹74,000–₹1.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹462–₹37,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 590 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–27 °C on average, and survives 7–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Tomato: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 56 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,650 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,060 2021
    2. ₹1,500 2022
    3. ₹1,150 2023
    4. ₹2,010 2024
    5. ₹1,640 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹73,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Urea 74%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 71%
    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 14%
    • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 4%
  4. Radish

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around September

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹53,000–₹80,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹5,000–₹32,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

    Needs about 180 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 330 mm it can use in a normal year, and 220 mm in a dry year.

    Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 12–26 °C on average, and survives 10–37 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Radish: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 49 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹1,350 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹740 2021
    2. ₹760 2022
    3. ₹900 2023
    4. ₹1,030 2024
    5. ₹1,350 2025

    Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

    Prices are usually best in September.

    Typical costs are about ₹48,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  5. Brinjal

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹27,000–₹40,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹5,000–₹18,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 640 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 20–35 °C on average, and survives 9–40 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 31 °C / 14 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Brinjal: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 21 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 90% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 90% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹1,800 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,340 2021
    2. ₹1,530 2022
    3. ₹1,400 2023
    4. ₹1,740 2024
    5. ₹1,630 2025

    Prices are usually best in December.

    Typical costs are about ₹21,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  6. Cabbage

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹74,000–₹1.1 lakh

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹7,000 to a profit of ₹30,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 420 mm it can use in a normal year, and 300 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 15–24 °C on average, and survives 7–32 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cabbage: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 78 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,188 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,240 2021
    2. ₹1,600 2022
    3. ₹1,000 2023
    4. ₹1,640 2024
    5. ₹1,180 2025

    Prices are usually best in August.

    Typical costs are about ₹82,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  7. Cauliflower

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in July, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹41,000–₹61,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹555 to a profit of ₹20,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in July
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 420 mm it can use in a normal year, and 300 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 10–25 °C on average, and survives 5–30 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Cauliflower: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 29 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,750 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹2,000 2021
    2. ₹2,640 2022
    3. ₹1,550 2023
    4. ₹2,340 2024
    5. ₹1,890 2025

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹41,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  8. Cotton

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in May, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (April–May) is over.

    Grown on 35 acres here. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹28,000–₹42,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹676–₹15,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 3 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 740 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 600 mm it can use in a normal year, and 450 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 22–36 °C on average, and survives 15–42 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • May 43 °C / 28 °C
    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C

    Soil

    Soil for Cotton: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 6.3 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre, the typical figure in your state (your district's own figure looked wrong).

    On rain alone it gets about 80% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 80% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹6,991 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Minimum support price: ₹8,267 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

    That is the price for medium staple kapas (raw cotton). Long staple kapas has ₹8,667 a quintal.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹6,580 2021
    2. ₹9,150 2022
    3. ₹7,100 2023
    4. ₹6,610 2024
    5. ₹7,160 2025

    Prices are usually best in October.

    Typical costs are about ₹28,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 6.0 quintals of kapas (raw cotton) an acre. That's a realistic target.

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  9. Bottle Gourd

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around October

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹24,000–₹36,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    After typical costs: ₹1,000–₹13,000 an acre a season

    • Suits: Rain is enough
    • Needs care: Warm in June
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

    Needs about 430 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 19–27 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Bottle Gourd: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 28 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹1,075 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹900 2021
    2. ₹1,240 2022
    3. ₹1,050 2023
    4. ₹1,320 2024
    5. ₹1,310 2025

    Prices are usually best in July.

    Typical costs are about ₹22,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  10. Green Chillies

    JJASONDJFMAM

    Sow in June, harvest around November

    This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

    No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

    ₹22,000–₹33,000

    per acre a season, before costs

    At typical costs, from a loss of ₹701 to a profit of ₹10,000 an acre a season

    • Needs care: Risky: 2 irrigations short
    • Suits: Ideal temperatures
    • Suits: Soil 9/10
    Why, and how to make it work

    Water

    Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

    Needs about 640 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

    Temperature

    Grows best at 17–30 °C on average, and survives 8–35 °C.

    Here, in its growing months (day / night):

    • Jun 40 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
    • Jul 33 °C / 25 °C
    • Aug 31 °C / 25 °C
    • Sep 33 °C / 24 °C
    • Oct 35 °C / 20 °C
    • Nov 31 °C / 14 °C

    Months in orange are outside its best range.

    Soil

    Soil for Green Chillies: 9 out of 10 (good).

    Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

    • The pH here suits it.
    • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

    Likes pH 5.5–6.8.

    How the soil score works

    Money

    Yield: about 13 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

    On rain alone it gets about 90% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 90% of this yield.

    Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025): about ₹2,300 a quintal across mandis in your state.

    Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
    1. ₹1,870 2021
    2. ₹2,180 2022
    3. ₹2,040 2023
    4. ₹2,450 2024
    5. ₹2,140 2025

    Prices are usually best in March.

    Typical costs are about ₹23,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

    How to make it work

    • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

      Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

      Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

    What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

    • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 40%
    • Urea 24%
    • Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 24%
1 crop won't work here See why for each one

10 more crops aren't judged yet because we don't have their growing needs.

Next steps

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are; FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).