Urad (Black Gram)

A monsoon crop. Sow in Jun–Jul, harvest in Sep–Oct.

Check it on your land
Season
Kharif
JJASONDJFMAM

Sowing Growing Harvest

75% of its area. Also grown in rabi, summer.
Ready in
80 days
about 2½ months
Water
270–300 mm
of water over its season (rain plus irrigation)
Grows best at
22–35 °C
0 °C survives 8–40 °C 40 °C

When to sow and harvest

Kharif 75% of its area
Rabi 20% of its area
Summer 5% of its area
Today: rabi sowing time
J J A S O N D J F M A M
Sow Growing Harvest
The year starts in June, with the monsoon. Your district can shift a few weeks.

Sowing Growing Harvest

Will it grow on your land?

Samastipur Bihar
Water
Season

Possible in Samastipur, with effort

Urad (Black Gram)

JJASONDJFMAM

Sow in October, harvest around January

Still sowing time: sow by the end of December.

No figures for this season in your district. Priced from mandis across India.

₹19,000–₹28,000

per acre a season, before costs

After typical costs: ₹4,000–₹14,000 an acre a season

  • Suits: Rain is enough
  • Needs care: Cool in December
  • Suits: Soil 9/10
Why, and how to make it work

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 200 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 10 mm it can use in a normal year (0 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 190 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 8–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

  • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
  • Nov 29 °C / 15 °C
  • Dec 25 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Urad (Black Gram): 9 out of 10 (good).

  • The pH here suits it.
  • Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
  • Most fields here are short of boron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

How the soil score works

Money

Yield: about 3.7 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

Mandi price at last season's harvest (January–February 2026): about ₹6,320 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹7,728 a quintal, the middle of 184 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹14,000 a season after typical costs.

Minimum support price: ₹8,200 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
  1. ₹5,930 2021
  2. ₹5,700 2022
  3. ₹7,310 2023
  4. ₹8,230 2024
  5. ₹6,290 2025

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹14,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

How to make it work

The better districts with similar soil, rain and warmth get 2.8 quintals an acre. That's a realistic target.

  • Short of boron Your soil is likely short of boron.

    Mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    Few local farmers add it to this crop, so it's an easy place to get ahead.

What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

  • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 42%
  • Urea 35%
  • Muriate of Potash (MOP) 24%
  • Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 3%

Fertiliser for one acre here

Urea
4 kg
DAP
35 kg
MOP
13 kg

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra.

See every crop that suits Samastipur

What it needs

Temperature

22–35 °C
0 °C40 °C

Survives 8–40 °C. Frost hurts it.

Water

270–300 mm over its season

Rain and irrigation together, worked out where most of it grows:

Lalitpur Chhatarpur Sagar Damoh Tikamgarh

Soil pH

4 acidic7 neutral9 alkaline

Likes slightly acidic soil. Grows from pH 4.5 to 7.5.

Soil

  • No salty soil
  • Needs rich soil
  • N Makes its own nitrogen
  • P Needs plenty of phosphorus and sulphur
How the soil score works

Source: FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); ICAR-CSSRI crop salt tolerance; FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.

Fertiliser for one acre

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra

For most fields

Urea nitrogen
4 kg less than a quarter of a 45 kg bag
DAP phosphate
35 kg about ¾ of a 50 kg bag
MOP potash
13 kg about ¼ of a 50 kg bag

Sulphur: 8 kg for one acre, from about 45 kg of gypsum or 65 kg of single super phosphate

Give the DAP and MOP at sowing, and the urea in two or three doses. If your soil card says a nutrient is low, add about a quarter more of it.

Watch out for

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra
  • Yellow mosaic
    Disease

    Look for

    Yellow patches on the leaves; spread by whitefly.

    What to do first

    Grow a resistant variety, pull out sick plants early and control whitefly.

  • Leaf crinkle
    Disease

    Look for

    Leaves grow large, thick and crinkled.

    What to do first

    Use healthy seed and pull out sick plants.

  • Pod borer
    Pest

    Look for

    Holes in pods with caterpillars feeding inside.

    What to do first

    Use pheromone traps and bird perches; spray when caterpillars are many. Follow the label or your KVK for the dose.

What an acre earns

At India's average yield and a recent price, named below. Your land, water and mandi will differ.

Left an acre, a season

₹2,300

Yield India's average
2.6 quintals an acre
× Price harvest price last season (Jan–Mar 2026)
₹6,378 a quintal
= Income
₹16,400
− Costs seed, fertiliser, labour and machines, as the government costs them
−₹14,100
= Left
₹2,300

This week urad (black gram) sells at about ₹7,728 a quintal: India's middle price at 184 mandis, latest 13 Nov. At that price an acre would leave about ₹5,800 a season.

Sold at the support price (MSP, ₹8,200 a quintal) to government procurement, an acre would leave about ₹7,000 a season. Procurement isn't open everywhere: ask at your mandi or agriculture office.

A good year or field earns about a fifth more, a poor one a fifth less: ₹13,100 to ₹19,700 income an acre. Costs stay the same either way.

Work it out for your land

Mandi price, month by month

Best month
October, ₹8,225 a quintal
Lowest
December, ₹5,900 a quintal
₹8,225
₹5,900
J F M A M J J A S O N D

Rupees a quintal, typical across India's mandis: each month's latest price (Dec 2025–Nov 2026).

Government minimum support price (MSP): ₹8,200 a quintal for 2026-27. Every crop's MSP

Latest prices near Samastipur Today's price across India

Source: Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).

Where it grows in India

Area grown in India
69.8 lakh acres
2024-25
Average yield
2.6 quintals an acre (0.6 tonnes a hectare)
recent years, to 2024-25
Most area
Lalitpur
Uttar Pradesh
Best yield
East Godavari
6.3 quintals an acre

Where it grows most

The districts with the most area in recent years. The map colours every district growing it on at least 100 ha by yield; the numbers mark these districts.

30% of India's urad (black gram) area is in these 10 districts

  1. 1 Lalitpur Uttar Pradesh 4.7% 4.4 lakh acres
  2. 2 Chhatarpur Madhya Pradesh 4.2% 3.9 lakh acres
  3. 3 Sagar Madhya Pradesh 3.6% 3.4 lakh acres
  4. 4 Damoh Madhya Pradesh 3.6% 3.4 lakh acres
  5. 5 Tikamgarh Madhya Pradesh 3.3% 3.1 lakh acres
  6. 6 Krishna Andhra Pradesh 3.2% 3.0 lakh acres
  7. 7 Bundi Rajasthan 2.4% 2.2 lakh acres
  8. 8 Tonk Rajasthan 1.7% 1.6 lakh acres
  9. 9 Panna Madhya Pradesh 1.6% 1.5 lakh acres
  10. 10 Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh 1.6% 1.5 lakh acres

Urad (Black Gram) yield, quintals an acre (average of 2020-21 to 2024-25 in most districts)

  1. 0.4–1.6
  2. 1.7–2.3
  3. 2.4–2.7
  4. 2.8–3.5
  5. 3.6–7.4
No data

1 Numbers match the list: the districts with the most area.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Where yields are highest

Districts growing it on at least 100 ha, against the average across India. The line runs from India's average to each district.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Across India over the years

Yield across India, quintals an acre

0 1 q 2 q 3 q
2008-09 2024-25
Latest 2.9 quintals an acre in 2024-25

Area sown across India, acres

0 50 lakh 1 crore 1.5 crore
2008-09 2024-25
Latest 69.8 lakh acres in 2024-25

Years run July to June. Only years in which most of the usual districts reported are shown.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2008-09 to 2024-25.

Soil and yield

How district soil tests line up with this crop's yields across India.

Urad (Black Gram) yields tend to be lower in districts with

  • More soil short of zinc weak 500 districts

A pattern is not proof that soil causes the difference.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).