Soybean

A monsoon crop. Sow in Jun–Jul, harvest in Sep–Oct.

Check it on your land
Season
Kharif
JJASONDJFMAM

Sowing Growing Harvest

100% of its area.
Ready in
100 days
about 3½ months
Water
390–410 mm
of water over its season (rain plus irrigation)
Grows best at
20–33 °C
0 °C survives 10–38 °C 40 °C

When to sow and harvest

Kharif 100% of its area
Today
J J A S O N D J F M A M
Sow Growing Harvest
The year starts in June, with the monsoon. Your district can shift a few weeks.

Sowing Growing Harvest

Will it grow on your land?

Phalodi Rajasthan
Water
Season

Won't work: too dry without irrigation

Soybean

JJASONDJFMAM

Sow in June, harvest around September

This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across your state.

Only with irrigation: rain gives too little of its water to count on

  • Doesn't suit: Too dry without irrigation
  • Suits: Ideal temperatures
  • Needs care: Soil 6/10
Why, and how to make it work

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 500 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 120 mm it can use in a normal year, and 60 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–33 °C on average, and survives 10–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

  • Jun 41 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
  • Jul 38 °C / 28 °C
  • Aug 35 °C / 26 °C
  • Sep 37 °C / 25 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Soybean: 6 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen, sulphur and boron.

  • Soil here is often too alkaline for it.
  • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
  • Most fields here are short of zinc.
  • Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 5.5–6.5.

How the soil score works

Money

Yield: about 4.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (September–October 2026): about ₹5,973 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹6,888 a quintal, the middle of 16 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov).

Minimum support price: ₹5,708 a quintal (2026-27), if you sell to government procurement.

Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
  1. ₹6,190 2021
  2. ₹6,020 2022
  3. ₹4,760 2023
  4. ₹4,350 2024
  5. ₹4,110 2025

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹16,000 an acre (seed, fertiliser, labour and hired machines, from the government's cost survey). They are spent whatever the harvest.

How to make it work

  • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

    Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  • Short of zinc Your soil is likely short of zinc.

    Mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

  • Short of iron Your soil is likely short of iron.

    Spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

Fertiliser for one acre here

DAP
53 kg
MOP
27 kg

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra.

See every crop that suits Phalodi

What it needs

Temperature

20–33 °C
0 °C40 °C

Survives 10–38 °C. Frost hurts it.

Water

390–410 mm over its season

Rain and irrigation together, worked out where most of it grows:

Ujjain Latur Rajgarh Buldhana Nanded

Soil pH

4 acidic7 neutral9 alkaline

Likes slightly acidic soil. Grows from pH 4.5 to 8.4.

Soil

  • Takes a little salt
  • Needs rich soil
  • N Makes its own nitrogen
  • S Needs plenty of sulphur and boron
How the soil score works

Source: FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.

Fertiliser for one acre

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra

For most fields

DAP phosphate
53 kg about 1 bag of 50 kg
MOP potash
27 kg about half a 50 kg bag

Sulphur: 8 kg for one acre, from about 45 kg of gypsum or 65 kg of single super phosphate

Give the DAP and MOP at sowing; it needs no urea. If your soil card says a nutrient is low, add about a quarter more of it.

Watch out for

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra
  • Girdle beetle
    Pest

    Look for

    Leaves and branches wilt above two rings cut around the stem.

    What to do first

    Pull out wilting plants with the grub inside and don't sow too thick. Spray only if many plants are hit; ask your KVK.

  • Leaf-eating caterpillars
    Pest

    Look for

    Leaves eaten into holes or down to the veins.

    What to do first

    Use pheromone and light traps; spray when caterpillars are many. Follow the label or your KVK for the dose.

  • Yellow mosaic
    Disease

    Look for

    Bright yellow patches on the leaves; spread by whitefly.

    What to do first

    Grow a resistant variety, pull out the first sick plants and control whitefly.

  • Rust
    Disease

    Look for

    Small brown powdery spots under the leaves; leaves fall early.

    What to do first

    Sow on time; spray hexaconazole or propiconazole when it first appears. Follow the label or your KVK for the dose.

What an acre earns

At India's average yield and a recent price, named below. Your land, water and mandi will differ.

Left an acre, a season

₹9,900

Yield India's average
4.3 quintals an acre
× Price harvest price last season (Sep–Oct 2026)
₹6,078 a quintal
= Income
₹26,300
− Costs seed, fertiliser, labour and machines, as the government costs them
−₹16,400
= Left
₹9,900

This week soybean sells at about ₹7,000 a quintal: India's middle price at 384 mandis, latest 13 Nov. At that price an acre would leave about ₹13,800 a season.

A good year or field earns about a fifth more, a poor one a fifth less: ₹21,000 to ₹31,500 income an acre. Costs stay the same either way.

Work it out for your land

Mandi price, month by month

Best month
July, ₹6,800 a quintal
Lowest
December, ₹4,262 a quintal
₹6,800
₹4,262
J F M A M J J A S O N D

Rupees a quintal, typical across India's mandis: each month's latest price (Dec 2025–Nov 2026).

Government minimum support price (MSP): ₹5,708 a quintal for 2026-27. Every crop's MSP

Latest prices near Phalodi Today's price across India

Source: Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).

Where it grows in India

Area grown in India
3.1 crore acres
2024-25
Average yield
4.3 quintals an acre (1.1 tonnes a hectare)
recent years, to 2024-25
Most area
Ujjain
Madhya Pradesh
Best yield
Pune
9.1 quintals an acre

Where it grows most

The districts with the most area in recent years. The map colours every district growing it on at least 100 ha by yield; the numbers mark these districts.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Where yields are highest

Districts growing it on at least 100 ha, against the average across India. The line runs from India's average to each district.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Across India over the years

Yield across India, quintals an acre

3 q 3.5 q 4 q 4.5 q 5 q
2016-17 2024-25
Latest 4.8 quintals an acre in 2024-25

Area sown across India, acres

2.4 crore 2.6 crore 2.8 crore 3 crore 3.2 crore
2016-17 2024-25
Latest 3.1 crore acres in 2024-25

Years run July to June. Only years in which most of the usual districts reported are shown.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2016-17 to 2024-25.

Soil and yield

How district soil tests line up with this crop's yields across India.

Soybean yields tend to be lower in districts with

  • More soil that is neutral weak 223 districts

A pattern is not proof that soil causes the difference.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).