Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Rain falls about 4 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 770 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 570 mm it can use in a normal year, and 400 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 27 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 28 °C / 17 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 28 °C / 17 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 25 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 21 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 15 °C / 3 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 10 °C / -1 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 6 °C / -3 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 8 °C / -1 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 14 °C / 2 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• May 23 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 27 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)

Nights in November can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of iron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of manganese.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 53 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 74% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 74% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹5,625 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in April.

Typical costs are about ₹99,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.