Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 760 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 7,460 mm it can use in a normal year, and 5,820 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 23 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• May 24 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 24 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in January can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 7 out of 10 (okay).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of iron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 19 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,338 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹35,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.