Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Rain falls about 5 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 1,040 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 820 mm it can use in a normal year, and 660 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 39 °C / 26 °C
• Jul 34 °C / 25 °C
• Aug 33 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 23 °C
• Oct 30 °C / 17 °C
• Nov 25 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 20 °C / 7 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 18 °C / 5 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 21 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 27 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 33 °C / 19 °C
• May 38 °C / 23 °C
• Jun 39 °C / 26 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in December can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 9 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: organic carbon.

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of iron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 53 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 79% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 79% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹5,625 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in April.

Typical costs are about ₹99,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.