Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Rain falls about 6 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 900 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 510 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 31 °C / 20 °C
• Jul 28 °C / 21 °C
• Aug 27 °C / 20 °C
• Sep 27 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 5 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 7 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 30 °C / 16 °C
• May 32 °C / 19 °C
• Jun 31 °C / 20 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in December can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 7 out of 10 (okay).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 53 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 71% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 71% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹2,000 a quintal at mandis in your district.

Prices are usually best in September.

Typical costs are about ₹99,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.