Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 1,260 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 640 mm it can use in a normal year, and 550 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 38 °C / 27 °C
• Jul 32 °C / 24 °C
• Aug 31 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 33 °C / 21 °C
• Nov 31 °C / 17 °C
• Dec 30 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 30 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 33 °C / 17 °C
• Mar 37 °C / 20 °C
• Apr 41 °C / 25 °C
• May 44 °C / 29 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 38 °C / 27 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Days in May get hotter than it likes. Young plants need shade and water then.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 7 out of 10 (okay).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of iron, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of boron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 32 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹3,650 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in July.

Typical costs are about ₹60,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.