Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Rain falls about 4 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 910 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 740 mm it can use in a normal year, and 650 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 31 °C / 20 °C
• Jul 27 °C / 20 °C
• Aug 27 °C / 19 °C
• Sep 27 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 25 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 17 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 16 °C / 5 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 19 °C / 7 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 30 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
• May 32 °C / 18 °C
• Jun 31 °C / 20 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Nights in December can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 53 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 81% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 81% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–February 2026): about ₹2,800 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in June.

Typical costs are about ₹99,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.