Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow)

Water

Rain is enough, even in a dry year.

Needs about 800 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 4,510 mm it can use in a normal year, and 3,850 mm in a dry year.

Heavy rain here can waterlog it. Grow it on raised beds or land that drains well.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–34 °C on average, and survives 12–38 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 26 °C / 20 °C
• Jul 26 °C / 21 °C
• Aug 27 °C / 21 °C
• Sep 26 °C / 20 °C
• Oct 25 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 23 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 20 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 18 °C / 8 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 21 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 24 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 26 °C / 17 °C (outside its best range)
• May 26 °C / 19 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 26 °C / 20 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Orange (Mandarin, Kinnow): 7 out of 10 (okay).

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
• Many fields here are short of iron, which it needs a lot.

Likes pH 6.0–6.8.

Money

Yield: about 19 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 4 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–January 2026): about ₹6,338 a quintal across mandis in your state.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹35,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.