Mesta

A monsoon crop. Sow in Jun–Jul, harvest in Nov–Dec.

Check it on your land
Season
Kharif
JJASONDJFMAM

Sowing Growing Harvest

100% of its area.
Ready in
140 days
about 4½ months
Water
450–480 mm
of water over its season (rain plus irrigation)
Grows best at
15–28 °C
0 °C survives 10–35 °C 40 °C

When to sow and harvest

Kharif 100% of its area
Today: kharif harvest
J J A S O N D J F M A M
Sow Growing Harvest
The year starts in June, with the monsoon. Your district can shift a few weeks.

Sowing Growing Harvest

Will it grow on your land?

Hanumangarh Rajasthan
Water
Season

Won't work: too dry without irrigation

Mesta

JJASONDJFMAM

Sow in June, harvest around November

This season's sowing time (June–July) is over.

No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop.

Only with irrigation: rain gives too little of its water to count on

  • Doesn't suit: Too dry without irrigation
  • Needs care: Very hot in June
  • Suits: Soil 8/10
Why, and how to make it work

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 660 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 90 mm it can use in a normal year, and 60 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 15–28 °C on average, and survives 10–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

  • Jun 41 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
  • Jul 38 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
  • Aug 37 °C / 27 °C (outside its best range)
  • Sep 36 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
  • Oct 35 °C / 19 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Days in June get hotter than it likes. Time sowing so it flowers before then.

Soil

Soil for Mesta: 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen, potassium and boron.

  • The pH here suits it.
  • Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.5.

How the soil score works

Money

Yield: about 6.0 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

No mandi or support price for this crop yet.

How to make it work

  • Short of organic carbon Your soil is likely short of organic carbon.

    Add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to add for this crop.

See every crop that suits Hanumangarh

What it needs

Temperature

15–28 °C
0 °C40 °C

Survives 10–35 °C. Frost hurts it.

Water

450–480 mm over its season

Rain and irrigation together, worked out where most of it grows:

Dakshin Dinajpur Supaul Madhepura West Garo Hills Murshidabad

Soil pH

4 acidic7 neutral9 alkaline

Likes neutral soil. Grows from pH 4.3 to 8.2.

Soil

  • No salty soil
  • Needs rich soil
  • K Needs plenty of potassium and boron
How the soil score works

Source: FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.

Fertiliser for one acre

Not covered yet. Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra for the dose.

Watch out for

Not covered yet. Ask your Krishi Vigyan Kendra what to watch for.

Mandi price, month by month

No mandi prices for this crop yet.

Where it grows in India

Area grown in India
54,951 acres
2024-25
Average yield
7.9 quintals an acre (1.9 tonnes a hectare)
recent years, to 2024-25
Most area
Dakshin Dinajpur
West Bengal
Best yield
North 24 Parganas
13 quintals an acre

Where it grows most

The districts with the most area in recent years. The map colours every district growing it on at least 100 ha by yield; the numbers mark these districts.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Where yields are highest

Districts growing it on at least 100 ha, against the average across India. The line runs from India's average to each district.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Across India over the years

Yield across India, quintals an acre

0 2.5 q 5 q 7.5 q 10 q
1999-00 2024-25
Latest 8.8 quintals an acre in 2024-25

Area sown across India, acres

0 1 lakh 2 lakh 3 lakh 4 lakh
1999-00 2024-25
Latest 54,951 acres in 2024-25

Years run July to June. Only years in which most of the usual districts reported are shown.

Source: Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 1999-00 to 2024-25.

Soil and yield

How district soil tests line up with this crop's yields across India.

Mesta yields tend to be higher in districts with

  • More soil high in phosphorus moderate 64 districts

Mesta yields tend to be lower in districts with

  • More soil short of iron weak 68 districts
  • More soil low in phosphorus weak 64 districts

A pattern is not proof that soil causes the difference.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).