Horse Gram (Kulthi)

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 420 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 300 mm it can use in a normal year, and 240 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 39 °C / 28 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 34 °C / 26 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 32 °C / 25 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 33 °C / 24 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 8 out of 10 (good).

Not in the score: nitrogen and boron.

• Soil here is often more alkaline than it likes.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 2.5 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

On rain alone it gets about 72% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 72% of this yield.

Mandi price at this season's harvest so far (October–November 2026): about ₹5,459 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹4,963 a quintal, the middle of 12 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹967 a season after typical costs.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹8,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.