Horse Gram (Kulthi)

Water

Rain falls about 2 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 270 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain in its months gives about 0 mm it can use in a normal year (0 mm in a dry one), and the soil holds about 200 mm from the monsoon at sowing.

Temperature

Grows best at 20–28 °C on average, and survives 17–35 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
• Nov 29 °C / 16 °C
• Dec 25 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 23 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Horse Gram (Kulthi): 9 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Low nitrogen matters less: it makes its own.
• Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of boron.

Likes pH 5.5–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 3.7 quintals an acre here in its other seasons (district figures).

On rain alone it gets about 76% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 76% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (February–March 2026): about ₹3,830 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹4,963 a quintal, the middle of 12 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹8,000 a season after typical costs.

Prices swing a lot from year to year, so income can be well above or below this range.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹6,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.