Black Pepper

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 1,930 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 140 mm it can use in a normal year, and 60 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 41 °C / 28 °C
• Jul 38 °C / 28 °C
• Aug 35 °C / 26 °C
• Sep 37 °C / 25 °C
• Oct 36 °C / 20 °C
• Nov 31 °C / 14 °C
• Dec 26 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 24 °C / 7 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 28 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 34 °C / 17 °C
• Apr 39 °C / 22 °C
• May 42 °C / 27 °C
• Jun 41 °C / 28 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Black Pepper: 6 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: nitrogen, sulphur and boron.

• Soil here is often too alkaline for it.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.
• Most fields here are short of zinc.
• Most fields here are short of iron.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 1.9 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–March 2026): about ₹65,872 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹68,511 a quintal, the middle of 33 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.