Black Pepper

Water

Rain is enough in a normal year. Keep one irrigation ready for a dry year.

Needs about 1,360 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,590 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,100 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 27 °C / 20 °C
• Jul 27 °C / 21 °C
• Aug 27 °C / 21 °C
• Sep 27 °C / 20 °C
• Oct 27 °C / 19 °C
• Nov 24 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 22 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 21 °C / 9 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 24 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 27 °C / 14 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 29 °C / 17 °C
• May 28 °C / 19 °C
• Jun 27 °C / 20 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Black Pepper: 6 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: salt, sulphur, zinc and 4 more.

• Soil here is often more acidic than it likes.
• Many fields here are short of potassium, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 1.9 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–March 2026): about ₹65,872 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹68,511 a quintal, the middle of 33 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹67,000 a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.