Black Pepper

Water

Rain falls about 3 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 1,440 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 1,290 mm it can use in a normal year, and 1,080 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 27 °C / 20 °C
• Jul 26 °C / 19 °C
• Aug 26 °C / 19 °C
• Sep 26 °C / 19 °C
• Oct 26 °C / 19 °C
• Nov 26 °C / 18 °C
• Dec 26 °C / 17 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 26 °C / 17 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 28 °C / 17 °C
• Mar 29 °C / 19 °C
• Apr 29 °C / 20 °C
• May 29 °C / 20 °C
• Jun 27 °C / 20 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Black Pepper: 7 out of 10 (okay).

Not in the score: organic carbon and pH.

• Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0. We have no pH figures for this place.

Money

Yield: about 2.0 quintals an acre here in this season (district figures).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 90% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 90% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–March 2026): about ₹67,200 a quintal at mandis in your district.

This week: about ₹72,400 a quintal, the middle of 15 mandis in your state (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹63,000 a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in October.

Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.