Black Pepper

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 1,920 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 470 mm it can use in a normal year, and 410 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 36 °C / 26 °C
• Jul 31 °C / 25 °C
• Aug 31 °C / 24 °C
• Sep 32 °C / 24 °C
• Oct 34 °C / 21 °C
• Nov 33 °C / 16 °C
• Dec 31 °C / 13 °C
• Jan 30 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 33 °C / 15 °C
• Mar 37 °C / 19 °C
• Apr 40 °C / 24 °C
• May 41 °C / 27 °C
• Jun 36 °C / 26 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Black Pepper: 8 out of 10 (good).

• The pH here suits it.
• Many fields here are short of sulphur, which it needs a lot.
• Most fields here are short of nitrogen.
• Most fields here are short of organic carbon.

Likes pH 6.0–7.0.

Money

Yield: about 1.1 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–March 2026): about ₹72,500 a quintal across mandis in your state.

This week: about ₹68,511 a quintal, the middle of 33 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

Prices are usually best in January.

Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.