Black Pepper

Water

Rain falls about 7 irrigations (5 cm each) short in a normal year, so it's risky without water.

Needs about 1,250 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 910 mm it can use in a normal year, and 750 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 22–35 °C on average, and survives 10–40 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

• Jun 25 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Jul 25 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Aug 25 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)
• Sep 25 °C / 17 °C (outside its best range)
• Oct 23 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Nov 21 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)
• Dec 18 °C / 6 °C (outside its best range)
• Jan 17 °C / 5 °C (outside its best range)
• Feb 20 °C / 7 °C (outside its best range)
• Mar 23 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)
• Apr 24 °C / 12 °C (outside its best range)
• May 25 °C / 15 °C (outside its best range)
• Jun 25 °C / 18 °C (outside its best range)

Nights in December can bring frost. When frost is forecast, water the field lightly in the evening.

Soil

Likes pH 6.0–7.0. We have no pH figures for this place.

Money

Yield: about 1.9 quintals an acre, the typical figure across India (no figures for your state).

A new planting gives its first real harvest after about 3 years. The money here is for plants already bearing.

On rain alone it gets about 73% of the water it needs, so the money here is worked at 73% of this yield.

Mandi price at last season's harvest (December 2025–March 2026): about ₹65,872 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹68,511 a quintal, the middle of 33 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov). At that price an acre would leave about ₹31,000 a year after typical costs.

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹65,000 an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2024–2026), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.