Banana

Planted once; the first bunches come about a year later, and the shoots that follow give more.

Check it on your land
Season
Whole year
100% of its area.
Water
1,460–1,740 mm
of water over its season (rain plus irrigation)
Grows best at
23–33 °C
0 °C survives 12–42 °C 40 °C

When to sow and harvest

Planted once; the first bunches come about a year later, and the shoots that follow give more.

Will it grow on your land?

Begusarai Bihar
Water
Season

Won't work: too dry without irrigation

Banana

Holds the land all year

No figures for your district: its government crop records list no area or yield for this crop. Priced from mandis across India.

Only with irrigation: rain gives too little of its water to count on

  • Doesn't suit: Too dry without irrigation
  • Suits: Ideal temperatures
  • Suits: Soil 9/10
Why, and how to make it work

Water

Too dry to grow on rain alone. It would need irrigation.

Needs about 1,490 mm of water here in its growing months. Rain gives about 480 mm it can use in a normal year, and 420 mm in a dry year.

Temperature

Grows best at 23–33 °C on average, and survives 12–42 °C.

Here, in its growing months (day / night):

  • Jun 36 °C / 27 °C
  • Jul 33 °C / 26 °C
  • Aug 33 °C / 26 °C
  • Sep 33 °C / 26 °C
  • Oct 32 °C / 23 °C
  • Nov 29 °C / 16 °C (outside its best range)
  • Dec 25 °C / 11 °C (outside its best range)
  • Jan 23 °C / 10 °C (outside its best range)
  • Feb 27 °C / 13 °C (outside its best range)
  • Mar 33 °C / 17 °C
  • Apr 37 °C / 22 °C
  • May 38 °C / 25 °C
  • Jun 36 °C / 27 °C

Months in orange are outside its best range.

Soil

Soil for Banana: 9 out of 10 (good).

  • The pH here suits it.
  • Many fields here are short of zinc, which it needs a lot.
  • Most fields here are short of nitrogen.

Likes pH 5.5–7.5.

How the soil score works

Money

Yield: about 182 quintals an acre, the typical figure in your state (its government crop records list none for your district).

Rain gives it too little of the water it needs, so there's no income figure on rain alone: grow it only with irrigation.

Mandi price through the year (December 2025–November 2026): about ₹3,138 a quintal across India's mandis.

This week: about ₹4,300 a quintal, the middle of 380 mandis across India (latest 13 Nov).

Average mandi price each year (₹ a quintal):
  1. ₹2,160 2021
  2. ₹2,290 2022
  3. ₹2,500 2023
  4. ₹2,770 2024
  5. ₹2,770 2025

Prices are usually best in November.

Typical costs are about ₹2.1 lakh an acre: about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys. They are spent whatever the harvest.

How to make it work

  • Short of nitrogen Your soil is likely short of nitrogen.

    Add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    About 100% of local fields of this crop get it.

What local farmers put on it (share of fields):

  • Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100%
  • Urea 100%
See every crop that suits Begusarai

What it needs

Temperature

23–33 °C
0 °C40 °C

Survives 12–42 °C. Frost hurts it.

Water

1,460–1,740 mm over its season

Rain and irrigation together, worked out where most of it grows:

Burhanpur Erode East Godavari Y.S.R. Kadapa Palakkad

Soil pH

4 acidic7 neutral9 alkaline

Likes neutral soil. Grows from pH 4 to 8.4.

Soil

  • No salty soil
  • Needs rich soil
  • K Needs plenty of potassium, zinc and boron
How the soil score works

Source: FAO ECOCROP crop requirements (via OpenCLIM/ecocrop); FAO-56 crop coefficients (Allen et al. 1998); IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.

Fertiliser for each plant

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra

For most fields

Nitrogen
200 g
per plant, over the crop
Phosphate
60 g
per plant, over the crop
Potash
300 g
per plant, over the crop

For each plant over the crop, in 3 or 4 splits

If your soil card says a nutrient is low, add about a quarter more of it.

Watch out for

Draft: check with your Krishi Vigyan Kendra
  • Panama wilt
    Disease

    Look for

    Older leaves turn yellow and hang down around the stem; the stem splits and is brown inside.

    What to do first

    Plant suckers from healthy fields or tissue-culture plants and don't replant banana in infected soil.

  • Sigatoka leaf spot
    Disease

    Look for

    Yellow streaks that turn into brown spots; leaves dry early.

    What to do first

    Cut off spotted leaves; spray propiconazole or mineral oil as your KVK advises.

  • Bunchy top
    Disease

    Look for

    Plants stay short with narrow, bunched leaves and dark green streaks.

    What to do first

    Dig out and destroy sick plants; plant virus-free tissue-culture plants and control aphids.

  • Stem weevil
    Pest

    Look for

    Holes with jelly-like ooze on the stem; the plant breaks.

    What to do first

    Keep the field clean; cut old stems into pieces to trap the weevils.

What an acre earns

At India's average yield and a recent price, named below. Your land, water and mandi will differ.

Left an acre, a year, once it bears

₹2,80,700

Yield India's average
173.6 quintals an acre
× Price mandi price through the year (Dec 2025–Nov 2026)
₹3,138 a quintal
= Income
₹5,44,800
− Costs about half of what a usual harvest earns (2023–2025), as in farm cost surveys
−₹2,64,100
= Left
₹2,80,700

This week banana sells at about ₹4,300 a quintal: India's middle price at 380 mandis, latest 13 Nov. At that price an acre would leave about ₹4,82,600 a year.

A good year or field earns about a fifth more, a poor one a fifth less: ₹4,35,800 to ₹6,53,800 income an acre. Costs stay the same either way.

It bears from its first year.

Work it out for your land

Mandi price, month by month

Best month
November, ₹4,050 a quintal
Lowest
December, ₹2,400 a quintal
₹4,050
₹2,400
J F M A M J J A S O N D

Rupees a quintal, typical across India's mandis: each month's latest price (Dec 2025–Nov 2026).

Latest prices near Begusarai Today's price across India

Source: Agmarknet daily prices and arrivals (India Data Portal).

Where it grows in India

Area grown in India
24.0 lakh acres
2025-26
Average yield
173.6 quintals an acre (42.9 tonnes a hectare)
2025-26
Most area
Maharashtra
15% of India's

States that grow it

Each state's share of India's production, in its latest year with figures (2025-26). Tap a state to open it.

Source: Horticulture area & production statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).

Where it grows most

The districts with the most area in recent years. The map colours every district growing it on at least 100 ha by yield; the numbers mark these districts.

District figures cover only 30% of India's banana area, so the districts aren't listed. The states show where it grows.

Soil and yield

How district soil tests line up with this crop's yields across India.

Banana yields tend to be higher in districts with

  • More soil that is neutral strong 155 districts
  • More soil that is alkaline moderate 155 districts

Banana yields tend to be lower in districts with

  • More soil that is acidic strong 155 districts
  • More soil low in potassium strong 155 districts

A pattern is not proof that soil causes the difference.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – district-wise (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare); Crop area, production & yield – UPAG (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare).