Kottur

Block soil report

Most soil here is short of sulphur.
See which crops suit Kottur

What the soil tests found

7

out of 10

Soil score

Okay

Short in most fields here: nitrogen, sulphur, iron and boron.

For most crops. How the soil score works

soil samples, 2023-24 & 2024-25
1,294
nutrients checked
12

This shows what soil in this area tends to be like. Your own field can be different. Get it tested at a soil testing lab before deciding.

Nutrient by nutrient

  • Nitrogen

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 63% Medium 21% High 16%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 63% 21% 16%
    Vijayanagara 46% 37% 17%
    Karnataka 67% 29% 4%
    India 65% 29% 6%

  • Phosphorus

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Good

    Low 3% Medium 40% High 57%

    Most soil tests here came out high

    If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 3% 40% 57%
    Vijayanagara 19% 37% 44%
    Karnataka 7% 31% 62%
    India 13% 41% 45%

  • Potassium

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Good

    Low 19% Medium 65% High 16%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 19% 65% 16%
    Vijayanagara 33% 54% 13%
    Karnataka 13% 47% 40%
    India 14% 53% 33%

  • Organic carbon

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 26% Medium 22% High 52%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 26% 22% 52%
    Vijayanagara 25% 31% 44%
    Karnataka 46% 32% 22%
    India 49% 28% 23%

  • pH

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Okay

    Acidic 10% Neutral 65% Alkaline 24%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out alkaline

    If your field is alkaline: add compost or farmyard manure. Very alkaline land also needs gypsum; a soil lab works out how much.

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place AcidicNeutralAlkaline
    Here 10% 65% 24%
    Vijayanagara 11% 76% 13%
    Karnataka 5% 92% 3%
    India 11% 86% 2%

  • Salt

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 86% Salty 14%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place Not saltySalty
    Here 86% 14%
    Vijayanagara 76% 24%
    Karnataka 98% 2%
    India 96% 4%

  • Sulphur

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 86% Enough 14%

    9 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 86% 14%
    Vijayanagara 66% 34%
    Karnataka 31% 69%
    India 24% 76%

  • Zinc

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 50% Enough 50%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 50% 50%
    Vijayanagara 40% 60%
    Karnataka 57% 43%
    India 35% 65%

  • Iron

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 70% Enough 30%

    7 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 70% 30%
    Vijayanagara 56% 44%
    Karnataka 50% 50%
    India 24% 76%

  • Copper

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Good

    Short 3% Enough 97%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 3% 97%
    Vijayanagara 2% 98%
    Karnataka 5% 95%
    India 5% 95%

  • Manganese

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Okay

    Short 30% Enough 70%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: spray manganese sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, on the young crop.

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 30% 70%
    Vijayanagara 20% 80%
    Karnataka 14% 86%
    India 12% 88%

  • Boron

    From 1,294 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 51% Enough 49%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 51% 49%
    Vijayanagara 55% 45%
    Karnataka 55% 45%
    India 44% 56%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2023-24 & 2024-25. 1,294 samples.

Climate in Vijayanagara

Rain

About 620 mm of rain a year

In a normal year. A dry year brings about 480 mm.

Temperature

Hottest in April: days about 37 °C, nights 24 °C

Coolest in December: days about 30 °C, nights 17 °C.

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

Source: IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.

Villages in this block